Multilayer Pigment Capsules in Water-in-Oil Emulsions
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current skin tanning products, particularly those containing dihydroxyacetone, face issues such as allergic reactions, unpleasant odors, uneven coloring, and the desire for temporary, customizable skin tones without the risks of UV exposure or blotchy applications.
Innovation Solution
Development of a water-in-oil emulsion with multilayer pigment capsules containing a particle core, a first shell with at least 50% colored pigments, a second shell with at least 50% titanium dioxide, and a third shell of a water-insoluble thermoplastic polymer, which appears light but releases an even, dark tint upon application, ensuring quick absorption and abrasion resistance.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Ease of manufacture
If dark pigments are used to achieve desired brown tint levels, then the skin tanning effect is improved, but the product appearance becomes dirty white reducing consumer acceptance
Solution Approach 1:
The pigment is segmented into two distinct compartments: a light-reflecting outer shell and a color-containing inner core. This segmentation allows the product to appear light in the container but deliver dark pigment upon application, resolving the contradiction between desired brown tint and acceptable product appearance.
Solution Approach 2:
The pigment core is nested within a light-reflecting shell, creating a capsule structure where the inner colored pigment is concealed by the outer light-colored layer. This nesting arrangement allows the product to maintain an appealing light appearance while containing sufficient dark pigment for effective tanning.
2Object-affected harmful factors
If pigment creams are used to provide temporary color, then the skin can be tinted without UV exposure, but uneven application results in blotchy complexion
Solution Approach 1:
The pigment is encapsulated in flexible microcapsules that can deform and distribute evenly during application. These thin-film capsules break uniformly under mechanical stress, ensuring consistent pigment release and preventing blotchy application while maintaining the benefit of UV-free tanning.
3Duration of action of stationary object
If the emulsion is formulated to be quickly absorbed for abrasion resistance, then the tint becomes more durable, but the formulation complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The emulsion combines multiple functional components including surfactants, oils, and the multilayer pigment capsules in a composite formulation. This composite structure enables quick absorption for durability while maintaining a manageable formulation through synergistic interactions between components.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The emulsion provides a pure white appearance, ensures even skin tone, and achieves a long-lasting, blotch-free, abrasion-resistant tint, addressing the limitations of existing tanning products by offering a safe and customizable temporary skin color change.
Implementation Method 1
at least one multilayer pigment capsule comprising i) a particle core, ii) a first shell surrounding this particle core, which--based on its weight--contains at least 50% by weight of colored pigments
Implementation Method 2
a second shell surrounding the first shell, which - based on its weight - contains at least 50% by weight of titanium dioxide
Implementation Method 3
these emulsions are excellently absorbed and cause a quickly abrasion-resistant tinting of the treated skin areas
Data Source
AI summary
Water-in-oil emulsion comprises: 0.1-5 wt.% of polyglyceryl-2-dipolyhydroxystearate; at least one lipid or wax component with a melting point of greater than 50[deg] C; at least one oil, which is liquid under normal conditions; 5-70 wt/% of water; and at least one multi-layer pigment capsule. The multi-layer pigment capsule comprises a particle core, a first sheath, a second sheath and a third sheath. Water-in-oil emulsion comprises: 0.1-5 wt.% of polyglyceryl-2-dipolyhydroxystearate; at least one lipid or wax component with a melting point of greater than 50[deg] C; at least one oil, which is liquid under normal conditions, where the oil has no fragrance and is not an essential oil; 5-70 wt/% of water; and at least one multi-layer pigment capsule. The multi-layer pigment capsule comprises a particle core. The particle core is covered by a first sheath, which contains at least 50 wt.% of color pigments. The first sheath is covered by a second sheath, which comprises at least 50 wt.% of titanium dioxide. The second sheath is covered by a third sheath, which is a water-insoluble thermoplastic polymer.