Multi-Layer Wire Resonator Mitigating Skin Effect Losses
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing near-field wireless power and data transmission systems face inefficiencies due to high resistive losses caused by the skin effect, particularly at high frequencies, leading to lower quality factors and performance limitations in applications such as implanted medical devices and RFID systems.
Innovation Solution
The implementation of a multi-layer wire configuration with alternating conducting and non-conducting layers to maximize conductor cross-sectional area, reducing resistive losses and increasing the quality factor of resonators, thereby enhancing the efficiency of wireless energy and data transfer.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Loss of energy
If conventional single-layer wire antennas are used at high frequencies, then the system is simpler to manufacture, but resistive losses increase due to the skin effect
Solution Approach 1:
The antenna wire is segmented into multiple concentric conductive layers separated by dielectric layers. Each layer carries a portion of the current, distributing the current density across multiple surfaces and reducing the skin effect losses that occur in single-layer conductors at high frequencies.
Solution Approach 2:
The antenna employs a composite structure combining multiple conductive layers with dielectric materials between them. This composite construction allows the system to leverage the high conductivity of metal layers while using dielectric materials to provide insulation and structural support, achieving lower resistive losses than solid conductors alone.
2Speed
If the operating frequency is increased to improve data transmission rate, then the communication speed improves, but resistive losses increase due to skin effect
Solution Approach 1:
The multi-layer wire structure segments the current path into multiple parallel conductive surfaces. At high frequencies where skin effect concentrates current near the surface, having multiple surfaces available significantly reduces the effective resistance and energy losses, enabling high-speed data transmission with acceptable efficiency.
Solution Approach 2:
The invention changes the physical parameters of the conductor by transitioning from a single-layer structure to a multi-layer configuration. This parameter change fundamentally alters how current distributes at high frequencies, reducing resistive losses and enabling operation at higher frequencies for improved data transmission rates.
3Loss of energy
If thicker conductor wire is used to reduce resistance, then the resistive losses decrease, but the antenna occupies more space
Solution Approach 1:
Instead of increasing conductor thickness in one dimension to reduce resistance, the invention transitions to a multi-layer concentric structure that utilizes radial dimensions. Multiple thin layers arranged concentrically provide the equivalent of a thick conductor's low resistance while maintaining a compact overall volume, effectively distributing current across multiple surfaces without proportionally increasing the antenna's physical size.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach results in high-efficiency, extended-range, compact wireless systems with reduced energy consumption and improved performance, capable of efficient power and data transmission at high frequencies with increased tolerance to misalignment and deformation.
Implementation Method 1
The relatively low quality factors of these wireless transmission and/or communication systems are mainly due to higher resistive losses caused by a phenomenon known as the 'skin effect.'
Implementation Method 2
System and Method for Wireless Power Transfer in Implantable Medical Devices
Data Source
AI summary
A structure for wireless communication having a plurality of conductor layers, an insulator layer separating each of the conductor layers, and at least one connector connecting two of the conductor layers wherein an electrical resistance is reduced when an electrical signal is induced in the resonator at a predetermined frequency.