Multi-Layer X-Ray Detector Energy Resolution

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Solution Overview

Problem

Conventional X-ray detectors struggle to provide information on the material composition of objects due to limitations in energy-resolving capabilities, particularly with continuously moving objects and high event rates, and often require multiple measurements or are expensive and complex to produce.

Innovation Solution

An X-ray detector with at least three sensor layers arranged in the direction of X-ray radiation incidence, allowing for the determination of energy deposition progression and enabling energy-resolving imaging by analyzing the X-ray spectrum through characteristic models of energy deposition along penetration depth.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If a photon-counting detector is used to achieve energy-resolving imaging, then material composition information can be obtained, but the detectable photon rates are severely restricted to a few megahertz due to signal propagation times and limited processing speed

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveenergy resolutionVSAvoidphoton detection rate
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The detector is divided into multiple sensor layers (at least three) arranged in the direction of radiation penetration. Each layer independently detects X-ray photons and generates sensor signals, allowing parallel processing of multiple photons simultaneously. This segmentation enables the system to handle high photon rates (hundreds of megahertz) while maintaining energy resolution through the depth-dependent energy deposition profiles in different layers.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent transitions from single-layer detection to multi-layer depth-resolved detection. By adding the depth dimension (multiple layers along the radiation penetration path), the system can resolve photon energies through the characteristic energy deposition patterns at different depths, achieving energy resolution without limiting the photon detection rate.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #17Another dimension (Dimensionality change)

2Measurement precision

If multiple consecutive measurements are performed using an integrating detector to obtain energy information, then material composition can be analyzed, but the object's position must remain constant which is not possible with continuously moving objects

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveenergy information accuracyVSAvoidcompatibility with moving objects
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSAdaptability or versatility

Solution Approach 1:

The multi-layer detector enables continuous energy-resolving measurements without requiring the object to remain stationary. Each layer continuously detects photons as they pass through, providing real-time energy information for moving objects. This eliminates the need for multiple consecutive measurements with fixed object positions, allowing seamless tracking of dynamically moving targets.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #20Continuity of useful action

3Adaptability or versatility

If a sandwich detector with two layers is used to study continuously moving objects, then energy information can be obtained, but the manufacturing complexity and cost increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecapability for moving objectsVSAvoiddetector structure complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent optimizes the detector design by using at least three sensor layers with potentially different materials and thicknesses tailored to specific energy ranges. Each layer is designed with local quality (specific material composition and thickness) to detect particular energy components, achieving comprehensive energy resolution while managing manufacturing complexity through purposeful differentiation rather than uniform design.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach allows for single-recording energy-resolving imaging, overcoming limitations in event rates and object movement, while reducing production complexity and cost, and providing sufficient information about the X-ray spectrum for material composition analysis.

Implementation Method 1

an X-ray detector with at least three sensor layers arranged in the direction of incidence of X-rays... Based on the sensor signals Ix of the sensor cells of the at least three sensor layers, the profile of energy deposition over the penetration depth through the at least three sensor layers can be determined

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectX-ray absorption: Absorption (EM radiation)

Data Source

PatentEP3052966B1X-ray detector
Publication Date: 2021.04.28 FRAUNHOFER GESELLSCHAFT ZUR FORDERUNG DER ANGEWANDTEN FORSCHUNG EV
  • EP3052966B1 patent drawingFigure 1A
  • EP3052966B1 patent drawingFigure 1B
  • EP3052966B1 patent drawingFigure 2

AI summary

The invention relates to an x-ray detector for detecting x-radiation comprising a first sensor layer having at least one sensor cell, a second sensor layer having at least one sensor cell, and a third sensor layer having at least one sensor cell. The at least three sensor layers are arranged one behind the other in an irradiation direction of the x-radiation. The sensor cells of the first, second, and third sensor layers are designed to each output a sensor signal lx in dependence on the x-radiation acting thereon. On the basis of the sensor signals lx of the sensor cells of the at least three sensor layers, a progression of an energy deposition over a penetration depth through the at least three sensor layers can be determined.