Multilevel Inverter Submodule Segmentation with Inductive Decoupling

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing multilevel converters are prone to submodule destruction due to abrupt capacitor discharge when switches are incorrectly switched on, leading to a chain reaction of failures and mechanical damage, which is mitigated by using stable housings or reduced capacitance, but these solutions increase weight and material usage or reduce load handling capacity.

Innovation Solution

The submodule design includes two submodules connected galvanically with an inductive element, allowing electrical behavior but decoupling them to limit current flow during failures, ensuring that if one submodule fails, others are minimally affected by using inductive elements with high inductance and ohmic resistance to isolate and protect the system.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If stable submodule housings are used to prevent bursting, then reliability is improved, but weight and material usage increase significantly

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesubmodule reliabilityVSAvoidconverter weight
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSWeight of stationary object

Solution Approach 1:

The submodule is divided into two galvanically connected submodules, each with its own capacitor. The inductive element creates electrical decoupling between them, so that if one submodule fails, the other is protected from the full impact current. This segmentation allows using lighter housing materials while maintaining reliability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

2Reliability

If capacitor capacitance is reduced to prevent housing bursting, then reliability is improved, but load handling capacity is reduced

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesubmodule reliabilityVSAvoidload handling capacity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSPower

Solution Approach 1:

The total capacitance is distributed across two submodules, each with its own capacitor. The inductive element limits current flow between them during faults, allowing each capacitor to be sized for lower individual stress while maintaining total system power capacity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The inductive element acts as an intermediary between the two submodules, limiting the discharge current that can flow during a short-circuit event. This mediator protects the submodules from destructive currents without requiring reduced capacitance values.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

3Reliability

If submodule capacitance is reduced to limit short-circuit current, then reliability is improved, but material usage decreases which is beneficial

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesubmodule reliabilityVSAvoidcapacitor capacitance
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSQuantity of substance

Solution Approach 1:

The total capacitance is split into two separate capacitors in galvanically connected submodules. The inductive element limits current flow between them, allowing the system to maintain adequate energy storage while limiting fault currents through the segmented architecture.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This design effectively prevents submodule destruction and chain reactions while maintaining efficient load handling and reducing material usage by limiting discharge currents through inductive and ohmic impedance, ensuring adequate electrical isolation and protection of remaining submodules.

Implementation Method 1

the galvanic connection between the two sub-modules comprises at least one inductive element

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectromagnetic Induction: Electromagnetic Induction

Data Source

PatentEP3036823B1Multilevel inverter
Publication Date: 2018.12.26 SIEMENS AG
  • EP3036823B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3036823B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3036823B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

The invention relates to a multilevel inverter (10) having a plurality of series-connected submodules (SB), which each have at least one first switch, one second switch and one capacitor, and output current by means of the capacitor during discharging phases and receive current for charging the capacitor during charging phases. According to the invention, at least one of the submodules (SB) has two part-modules (TM1, TM2) that are galvanically connected to each other or are formed by two part-modules (TM1, TM2) that are galvanically connected to each other, which each have a first switch (S1), a second switch (S2) and a capacitor (C1, C2), and a first and a second part-module terminal (A1, A2), and the galvanic connection (V1, V2, V3, V4) between the two part-modules (TM1, TM2) comprises at least one inductive element (I1, I2, I3, I4).