Multilevel Active Rectifier Self-Balancing Flying Capacitor

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Solution Overview

Problem

Conventional multilevel rectifiers face limitations in power density, reliability, and efficiency due to electrical stress limits of solid-state devices and the need for voltage balancing circuitry, which reduces their performance in high-power applications.

Innovation Solution

The proposed multilevel rectifier design incorporates a switching module with a self-balanced flying capacitor and fewer solid-state components, utilizing three solid-state switch devices and two diodes to provide a five-level voltage output without the need for a voltage balancing circuit, allowing for active neutral point clamping and unidirectional rectification.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Power

If conventional multilevel rectifier topologies are used to exceed solid-state device ratings, then the maximum output power is improved, but the number of solid-state devices and circuit complexity increase proportionally

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemaximum output powerVSAvoidnumber of solid-state devices
Core Design Contradiction:
PowerVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The rectifier circuit is divided into multiple identical modular units, each handling a portion of the total power. Each module uses the same three solid-state switches and two diodes, allowing power scaling without proportionally increasing device count. The modular structure enables parallel operation to achieve higher power levels while maintaining consistent device utilization across modules.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The solid-state switches and diodes in each module serve multiple functions: they perform rectification, voltage level generation, and inherent voltage balancing through their switching actions. The flying capacitor also serves dual purposes in voltage balancing and multilevel voltage generation, reducing the need for separate balancing circuitry and minimizing total device count.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

2Stability of the object's composition

If voltage balancing circuitry is added to control DC link capacitor voltages, then voltage balance is improved, but power density and efficiency deteriorate

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvevoltage balanceVSAvoidefficiency
Core Design Contradiction:
Stability of the object's compositionVSLoss of energy

Solution Approach 1:

The rectifier modules automatically balance their own DC link capacitor voltages through the switching actions of the solid-state devices and the operation of the flying capacitor. The control system manages switching sequences to transfer charge between capacitors, achieving voltage balance without external balancing circuitry. This self-balancing mechanism eliminates additional power-consuming components while maintaining stable voltage levels.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

3Stability of the object's composition

If voltage balancing circuitry is added to control DC link capacitor voltages, then voltage balance is improved, but power density deteriorates

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvevoltage balanceVSAvoidpower density
Core Design Contradiction:
Stability of the object's compositionVSQuantity of substance

Solution Approach 1:

The voltage balancing function is extracted from separate external circuitry and integrated into the core rectifier module operation. The flying capacitor and switching devices perform both rectification and voltage balancing functions, eliminating the need for additional balancing components. This integration removes extraneous elements that would reduce power density while maintaining voltage balance capability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

4Adaptability or versatility

If more solid-state devices are used in multilevel topology, then the number of voltage levels is improved, but reliability deteriorates

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvenumber of voltage levelsVSAvoidsystem reliability
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The multilevel voltage generation is achieved through segmented modular units, where each module contributes to the overall voltage levels. By using identical standardized modules with proven three-switch designs, the system achieves multiple voltage levels without requiring a large number of unique devices. This modular approach improves reliability through component standardization and reduces failure points compared to non-modular multilevel topologies.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This design achieves higher power density, efficiency, and reliability by reducing the number of solid-state components and eliminating the need for voltage balancing circuitry, while maintaining high power quality and enabling regeneration blocking capabilities.

Implementation Method 1

a self-balanced flying capacitor

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectCapacitance: Capacitance

Implementation Method 2

rectifiers for converting alternating current (AC) power into direct current (DC) power

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectRectification: Diode

Data Source

PatentEP3046246B1Multilevel active rectifiers
Publication Date: 2022.11.23 HAMILTON SUNDSTRAND CORP
  • EP3046246B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP3046246B1 patent drawingFigure 3
  • EP3046246B1 patent drawingFigure 4

AI summary

A multilevel rectifier includes an input lead 16, a switching module 22, and a multilevel direct current (DC) link 18. The switching module includes a plurality of switch devices connected to the input lead. The multilevel DC link includes a positive lead 28, a midpoint lead 30, and a negative lead 32 each connected to the switching module and the plurality of switching module switch devices are operatively connected between the input lead and the DC link to provide a greater number of output voltage levels than the number of leads in the DC link with unidirectional power flow capability.