Multimetal Alloy Nanoparticles With Uniform Solid Solution Stability
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing solid solution alloys and high-entropy alloy nanoparticles suffer from poor solid solution uniformity, leading to instability and phase separation when exposed to high temperatures for extended periods.
Innovation Solution
A novel alloy composed of three or more types of elements, characterized by a high solid solution uniformity, where the standard deviation of distribution for each element is 15 atomic % or less, and the correlation coefficient of distribution for two elements is within ±0.50.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Stability of the object's composition
If conventional solid solution alloys or high-entropy alloy nanoparticles are used, then catalyst performance can be maintained for extended periods at high temperatures, but the solid solution uniformity is poor leading to phase separation and instability
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the compositional parameters by precisely controlling the atomic percentages of multiple metal elements (Pd: 40-60 at%, Ru: 20-40 at%, Rh: 10-30 at%, Ir: 10-30 at%, Pt: 10-30 at%) to achieve a specific composition range that promotes solid solution formation. This parameter optimization prevents phase separation while maintaining high uniformity, resolving the contradiction between uniformity and stability.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent creates a composite alloy system combining five metal elements that individually or in pairs would be immiscible at the atom level. By designing this multi-element composite, the patent achieves synergistic effects where the combination prevents phase separation and maintains solid solution uniformity at high temperatures, thereby improving both uniformity and reliability simultaneously.
2Reliability
If multicomponent solid solution alloy fine particles are prepared by adding a third element to PdRu, then catalyst performance is maintained at high temperatures, but the uniformity in preparing a solid solution is not defined and remains poor
Solution Approach 1:
The patent defines precise compositional parameters for five metal elements with specific atomic percentage ranges. This detailed parameter specification enables controlled solid solution formation with high uniformity, addressing the manufacturing precision issue while maintaining the reliability of catalyst performance at high temperatures.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent applies local quality by ensuring uniform distribution of each metal element throughout the alloy particles. By controlling the local compositional uniformity within the particle structure, the patent achieves both high solid solution uniformity and stable catalyst performance, resolving the contradiction between manufacturing precision and reliability.
3Manufacturing precision
If five or more types of metal salts are supported on carbon material and rapidly heated at 2000 K or more, then high-entropy alloy nanoparticles are formed, but the element composition dispersion is around 10% which is still insufficient
Solution Approach 1:
The patent optimizes the compositional parameters by selecting specific metal elements and controlling their atomic percentages within defined ranges. This parameter control achieves element composition uniformity with standard deviation of 15 atomic % or less, improving manufacturing precision while ensuring composition stability through the designed multi-element configuration.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent applies homogeneity by designing an alloy composition where multiple metal elements are uniformly distributed throughout the structure. The specified atomic percentage ranges and the resulting uniform distribution achieve both high element composition uniformity and composition stability, resolving the contradiction between manufacturing precision and reliability.
4Ease of manufacture
If mechanically powdering is used to form high-entropy alloy nanoparticles, then nanoparticles are obtained, but the elementary composition does not indicate uniform mixing
Solution Approach 1:
The patent defines specific compositional parameters for five metal elements with controlled atomic percentages. By optimizing these parameters, the patent achieves uniform mixing of elements in the nanoparticles while maintaining ease of manufacture through the designed composition ranges, resolving the contradiction between manufacturing simplicity and mixing uniformity.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent creates a composite alloy of five metal elements designed to achieve uniform mixing. The specific combination of elements and their controlled ratios create a composite structure that maintains homogeneity while being manufacturable through conventional methods, resolving the contradiction between ease of manufacture and manufacturing precision.
5Stability of the object's composition
If solvothermal analysis is used to obtain nanoparticles, then particles are formed stable up to 700 K, but mixing is not uniform and Ru-rich phases precipitate nonuniformly
Solution Approach 1:
The patent optimizes compositional parameters by defining specific atomic percentage ranges for five metal elements. This parameter control prevents nonuniform precipitation of Ru-rich phases and achieves uniform mixing throughout the alloy structure, while maintaining temperature stability up to high temperatures, resolving the contradiction between stability and mixing uniformity.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent applies local quality by ensuring uniform distribution of all metal elements including Ru throughout the alloy particles. By controlling the local compositional homogeneity, the patent prevents nonuniform phase precipitation and achieves both mixing uniformity and temperature stability, resolving the contradiction between manufacturing precision and composition stability.
Data Source
AI summary
An alloy composed of three or more types of elements, wherein all the standard deviation of distribution in the alloy of each element constituting the alloy are 15 atomic % or less provides a novel alloy composed of three or more types of elements and having a high solid solution uniformity.