Multimodal Electrode Array for Compact Implant Sensing and Stimulation
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing smart implants require multiple dedicated electrodes for each analyte measurement, which is not suitable for space-constrained applications like interbody spacers, limiting their ability to measure multiple biomarkers effectively.
Innovation Solution
A multimodal electrode array that allows any electrode to function as a working, reference, or counter electrode, enabling multiple electrochemical techniques and electrical stimulation functions, reducing the need for multiple dedicated electrodes.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If multiple dedicated electrodes are used for each analyte measurement, then measurement precision is improved, but device complexity and implant size increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent implements a universal electrode array where any electrode can function as a working electrode for multiple different analytes. The system uses a single array of electrodes that can be dynamically configured through software control to measure pH, dissolved oxygen, glucose, and other biomarkers, eliminating the need for separate dedicated electrode sets for each analyte while maintaining measurement precision
Solution Approach 2:
The system dynamically reconfigures electrode functions in real-time based on measurement requirements. The controller can switch which electrode serves as the working electrode for different analytes, allowing the same physical electrode to perform multiple sensing functions sequentially, thereby reducing device complexity while preserving measurement capabilities
2Measurement precision
If multiple dedicated electrodes are used for each analyte measurement, then measurement precision is improved, but implant size increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent implements a universal electrode array where any electrode can function as a working electrode for multiple different analytes. The system uses a single array of electrodes that can be dynamically configured through software control to measure pH, dissolved oxygen, glucose, and other biomarkers, eliminating the need for separate dedicated electrode sets for each analyte while maintaining measurement precision
Solution Approach 2:
The patent merges multiple sensing functions into a single electrode array structure. Instead of having separate electrode assemblies for each analyte, the system combines all sensing capabilities into one integrated array where electrodes can be reassigned to different analytes, significantly reducing the overall implant volume required
3Reliability
If separate electrode arrays are used for sensing and stimulation, then reliability is improved, but device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent implements a universal electrode array that serves both electrochemical sensing and electrical stimulation functions. The same electrode array used for measuring biomarkers can also deliver electrical stimulation for bone growth promotion and biofilm treatment, reducing device complexity while maintaining reliability through proper measurement-stimulation sequencing
Solution Approach 2:
The system uses periodic action by sequentially performing measurement modes and stimulation delivery in time-separated cycles. The controller alternates between sensing operations and stimulation delivery, ensuring that electrochemical measurements are taken during periods when no stimulation current is applied, thereby maintaining measurement reliability while using the same electrode array for both functions
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Enables simultaneous measurement of multiple analytes and delivery of electrical stimulation in a compact form factor, effectively detecting and treating biofilm-related infections and promoting bone growth without increasing implant size.
Implementation Method 1
OCP measurement includes the measurement circuitry measuring free potential through a first pair of electrodes while the controller does not apply current between the pair of electrodes
Implementation Method 2
Amperometry measurement includes the controller applying power to one of the electrodes in a second pair of electrodes while the measurement circuitry measures current resulting at the other electrode in the second pair of electrodes
Implementation Method 3
EIS measurement includes the controller applying an alternating current to one of the electrodes in a third pair of electrodes while the measurement circuitry measures current resulting at the other electrode in the third pair of electrodes
Data Source
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AI summary
An implant device implantable within a body of a patient. The implant device includes a set of electrodes in an array spaced apart on the implant device, measurement circuitry configured to perform measurement modes on signals from the electrodes, a multiplexer that interconnects different pairs of electrodes in the array to the measurement circuitry, and a controller. The controller controls the multiplexer to selectively connect different pairs of electrodes in the array over time to perform the measurement modes that include at least two of: open circuit potential (OCP) measurement, amperometry measurement, and electrochemical impedance measurement.