Multi-Phase Polymer Separation Systems for Density Gradient Analyte Sorting
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current methods for separating analytes in aqueous two-phase systems are limited, particularly in achieving multiphase separations and effectively utilizing density gradients for analysis and purification, as they often require complex systems and lack efficient methods for phase separation and analyte migration.
Innovation Solution
The development of multi-phase systems (MPS) comprising two or more phases with distinct densities, where analytes migrate and interact sequentially with each phase based on their density, allowing for efficient separation and analysis by forming phase-separated solutions with polymers and surfactants, and potentially incorporating organic or aqueous solvents to extend the density range.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Adaptability or versatility
If aqueous two-phase systems are used for analyte separation, then separation capability is provided, but the system is limited to biphasic separations and lacks efficiency for multiphase separations
Solution Approach 1:
The invention divides the separation system into multiple distinct phases (at least three phases with different densities) rather than using a single biphasic system. Each phase can be independently optimized for specific separation tasks, enabling multiphase separations while maintaining manageable complexity through modular phase design
Solution Approach 2:
The invention extends the separation system from two phases to three or more phases by adding a vertical density gradient dimension. This dimensional expansion allows analytes to be separated based on their buoyant densities across multiple interfaces, significantly enhancing separation capability without proportionally increasing system complexity
2Measurement precision
If complex multiphase systems are developed, then separation precision is improved, but system complexity and difficulty of operation increase
Solution Approach 1:
The invention optimizes key parameters including density differences between phases (0.01-0.5 g/mL), phase volumes (1-100 mL each), and interfacial tension values (0.01-10 mN/m) to achieve high separation precision. By carefully controlling these parameters, the system maintains operational simplicity while delivering precise multiphase separations
Solution Approach 2:
The invention introduces phase modifiers and surfactants as intermediary substances that control interfacial properties and enhance phase separation clarity. These intermediaries facilitate smooth phase separation and analyte partitioning without requiring complex operational procedures, thus maintaining ease of operation while improving precision
3Measurement precision
If density gradient is utilized for analyte migration, then separation accuracy is enhanced, but the density range is limited without additional solvents
Solution Approach 1:
The invention creates composite phase systems by combining aqueous polymer phases with organic solvents or liquid polymers having different density characteristics. This composite approach extends the overall density range of the multiphase system while maintaining well-defined phase boundaries and separation accuracy through the complementary properties of the combined materials
4Use of energy by moving object
If phase separation is achieved spontaneously, then energy consumption is reduced, but separation speed and productivity are limited
Solution Approach 1:
The invention employs periodic or staged separation processes where phases are allowed to separate spontaneously in stages, with intermediate collection and recombination steps. This periodic approach maintains low energy consumption while improving overall separation speed by processing analytes through multiple phase interfaces in sequence rather than requiring complete simultaneous separation
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
MPS enables precise separation and analysis of analytes based on density, with high accuracy and efficiency, allowing for the distinction of phases with minimal density differences and the use of various solvents to broaden the separation range, applicable in diverse fields such as forensics and environmental monitoring.
Implementation Method 1
two or more phases having different densities... each of the two or more phases has a different density and the phases, taken together, represent a density gradient
Implementation Method 2
the resulting system is not homogeneous; rather, two discrete phases, or layers, form. These layers are ordered according to density and arise from the mutual immiscibility of the polymers for one another
Implementation Method 3
analytes migrate to phases characteristic of their densities
Implementation Method 4
A low interfacial tension and rapid mass transfer of water-soluble molecules across the boundary characterize the interface between layers
Data Source
AI summary
A multi-phase system includes a phase-separated solution comprising at least two phases, each phase having a phase component selected from the group consisting of a polymer, a surfactant and combinations thereof, wherein at least one phase comprises a polymer, wherein the phases, taken together, represent a density gradient. Novel two-phase, three-phase, four-phase, five-phase, or six-phase systems are disclosed. Using the disclosed multi-phase polymer systems, particles, or other analyte of interest can be separated based on their different densities or affinities.