Multiplex Immune Marker Biosensors for Infection and Inflammation Diagnosis
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current biomarkers for diagnosing immunosuppression and inflammation are non-specific and lead to erroneous antibiotic use, necessitating the development of dynamic, real-time tests to assess immune function accurately.
Innovation Solution
Detection of specific molecules released by immune cells, such as glutamate, lactate, ATP, D-serine, acetylcholine, and adenosine, through biosensors to identify characteristic patterns of immune response, allowing for rapid and accurate assessment of inflammation or infection.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If current biomarkers are used for diagnosing immunosuppression and inflammation, then diagnosis can be performed, but the biomarkers are non-specific and lead to erroneous antibiotic use
Solution Approach 1:
The patent segments the immune response measurement into multiple distinct components by detecting several different markers (glutamate, lactate, ATP, D-serine, acetylcholine, adenosine) simultaneously. This segmentation allows for more precise characterization of the immune state, enabling accurate differentiation between immunosuppression and inflammation, thereby improving diagnosis accuracy and reducing erroneous antibiotic prescriptions.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent utilizes parameter changes by measuring multiple biochemical parameters (concentrations of different markers) that change in response to immune stimulation. By analyzing the dynamic changes in these parameters before and after stimulation, the system achieves specific and accurate diagnosis of immune function, eliminating the need for non-specific current biomarkers.
2Measurement precision
If dynamic real-time tests are developed to assess immune function accurately, then diagnosis precision improves, but device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent employs a multi-functional biosensor system that can detect multiple markers (glutamate, lactate, ATP, D-serine, acetylcholine, adenosine) using a single integrated platform. This universal approach allows dynamic real-time assessment of immune function with high precision while avoiding the need for multiple separate testing devices, thereby managing device complexity.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent replaces complex mechanical and chemical assay systems with biosensors that provide direct electrical signals for marker detection. This substitution simplifies the overall system architecture while enabling real-time monitoring of multiple immune markers simultaneously, achieving high measurement precision without proportionally increasing device complexity.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Enables focused and rational use of antibiotics by providing objective, real-time monitoring of immune function, reducing side-effects associated with inappropriate antibiotic use.
Implementation Method 1
detecting the amount of at least one marker selected from glutamate, lactate, ATP, D-serine, acetylcholine and adenosine
Implementation Method 2
The methods of the invention may detect said marker(s) using one or more biosensors, wherein each biosensor comprises (a) a biological element that is capable of recognising said marker(s) and (b) an electrode capable of detecting a reaction caused by the recognition of said marker(s) by the biological element
Data Source
AI summary
The present invention relates to the detection or diagnosis of infection or inflammation in a patient. In particular, the invention provides methods that allow the detection of markers in a sample from a patient or subject, such as a blood sample, which will indicate whether the patient or subject has an infection or has an inflammatory response.