Multiplex PCR Detection for Rare Blood Types
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current methods for detecting rare blood groups are inefficient due to high costs, time-consuming processes, and limited scalability, particularly in obtaining human antibodies and reagents for serological methods, and the expense of high-throughput genotyping techniques.
Innovation Solution
A multiplex PCR method using specific primers designed for rare blood group antigen SNP loci, allowing for efficient screening through DNA amplification and electrophoresis, enabling the detection of rare blood groups in a cost-effective and high-throughput manner.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If serological methods are used for rare blood group detection, then detection can be performed with existing reagents, but it is difficult to obtain human antibodies or commercial detection reagents for most rare blood group antigens and the cost is too high
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces the serological detection system (which relies on antibodies and agglutination reactions) with a molecular biology-based PCR detection system. This substitution uses DNA amplification and electrophoresis to detect rare blood group antigens, eliminating the need for rare human antibodies and commercial serological reagents while maintaining high detection accuracy.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent creates a copy of the detection approach by using DNA sequences (which are easier to obtain and manipulate) instead of protein-based antibodies. The DNA templates can be amplified through PCR to produce multiple copies for detection, making the process more scalable and cost-effective for rare blood group antigens.
2Measurement precision
If middle and low-throughput genotyping methods are used, then detection can be performed with available technology, but the process is time-consuming and difficult to achieve large-scale high-throughput screening
Solution Approach 1:
The patent combines multiple genotyping functions into a single multiplex PCR reaction system. By designing specific primers that can simultaneously amplify multiple rare blood group antigen genes in one reaction, the method achieves both high accuracy and high throughput, allowing large-scale screening to be performed efficiently.
3Productivity
If high-throughput genotyping methods are used, then large-scale screening can be achieved, but the cost is expensive
Solution Approach 1:
The patent uses cost-effective PCR reagents and simple electrophoresis equipment instead of expensive high-throughput genotyping platforms. The method employs disposable primers and standard laboratory equipment, making large-scale screening economically viable while maintaining high productivity.
4Measurement precision
If existing genotyping methods are used, then single specimen detection can be performed, but detection costs will undoubtedly increase when scaling up
Solution Approach 1:
The patent merges multiple detection functions into a single multiplex PCR reaction, allowing multiple rare blood group antigens to be detected simultaneously from one DNA template. This reduces the per-sample cost by eliminating the need for separate reactions for each antigen while maintaining high detection accuracy through specific primer design.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The method significantly improves the detection efficiency and sensitivity of rare blood groups, reducing costs and time, while maintaining high specificity, enabling large-scale screening and rapid identification of rare blood types.
Implementation Method 1
using multiple pairs of specific primers for multiplex PCR amplification, and detecting amplification results through electrophoresis
Implementation Method 2
blood cell surface antigen gene fragments containing the rare blood group antigen SNP loci are amplified
Implementation Method 3
detecting amplification results through electrophoresis; performing electrophoresis on amplification products obtained from the amplification reaction
Data Source
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AI summary
Disclosed are a human rare blood type detection method, a kit, a rapid screening method and applications thereof. By using multiple pairs of PCR specific primers directing to the SNP loci of multiple rare blood types, the SNP loci of multiple rare blood types are simultaneously detected in the same PCR reaction system; and the multiplex PCR detection method and a Pool detection method are combined to rapidly screen the human rare blood types.