Multiplex PCR Kit for Respiratory Pathogen Detection
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current methods for detecting and typing respiratory pathogens such as novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV, influenza A and B viruses, respiratory adenovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae are inefficient due to similar clinical symptoms and low positive culture rates, making early diagnosis and treatment challenging.
Innovation Solution
A nucleic acid composition comprising specific primers and probes for each pathogen, along with a kit for fluorescent quantitative PCR, allowing simultaneous detection and typing with distinct fluorescent groups to avoid interference, enabling rapid and accurate identification.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If routine laboratory tests and culture methods are used to detect respiratory pathogens, then the detection process is simple and equipment requirements are low, but the positive culture rate is low and detection accuracy is insufficient due to similar clinical symptoms among different pathogens
Solution Approach 1:
The patent combines detection of six different respiratory pathogens (2019-nCoV, influenza A, influenza B, respiratory adenovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae) into a single multiplex PCR detection system. Multiple primer-probe sets are combined in one reaction to simultaneously detect all pathogens, resolving the contradiction by improving detection accuracy through comprehensive pathogen identification while maintaining relatively simple operational procedures
Solution Approach 2:
The detection kit is designed with universal applicability for detecting multiple types of respiratory pathogens using a single reagent system. The multiplex PCR assay can identify different pathogens through specific fluorescent probes, achieving high measurement precision across various pathogen types without requiring separate detection systems for each pathogen
2Productivity
If separate detection methods are used for each respiratory pathogen, then each pathogen can be detected with high accuracy, but the detection time is extended and medical resources are wasted
Solution Approach 1:
The patent merges six separate pathogen detection assays into a single multiplex PCR reaction. All six pathogens can be detected simultaneously in one testing process, significantly improving productivity by eliminating the need for sequential testing while reducing the total detection time compared to performing six separate tests
Solution Approach 2:
The multiplex detection system provides universal functionality for detecting multiple respiratory pathogens in a single assay. This multi-functional approach allows clinical laboratories to screen for all six pathogens simultaneously, thereby increasing detection efficiency and reducing the time loss associated with multiple separate testing procedures
3Measurement precision
If multiple fluorescent probes are used for simultaneous detection of different pathogens, then detection accuracy and pathogen differentiation are improved, but fluorescent group interference may occur between different probes
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies local quality by assigning different fluorescent groups (FAM, HEX, ROX, CY5) to different pathogen targets based on their specific detection requirements. Each probe is optimized with a fluorescent group that emits at a specific wavelength range, allowing simultaneous detection of multiple pathogens while minimizing fluorescent interference through spectral separation
Solution Approach 2:
The detection system utilizes different fluorescent colors (represented by different fluorescent groups) to differentiate between various pathogens. Each pathogen is associated with a specific fluorescent probe that emits a characteristic color signal, enabling accurate pathogen typing and differentiation while avoiding interference through careful selection of non-overlapping fluorescent spectra
4Reliability
If early diagnosis of respiratory pathogens is achieved through improved detection methods, then treatment effectiveness is enhanced and outbreak control is improved, but the cost and complexity of detection increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent combines multiple detection capabilities into a single multiplex PCR system that can reliably detect and differentiate six respiratory pathogens simultaneously. This merged approach enhances early diagnosis reliability by providing comprehensive pathogen identification in one test, while the standardized multiplex protocol maintains operational simplicity despite the increased diagnostic capability
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Enables rapid, accurate, and simultaneous detection of multiple respiratory pathogens, reducing medical resource waste and psychological burden, facilitating early diagnosis and isolation, and controlling outbreaks effectively.
Implementation Method 1
fluorescent quantitative PCR on the nucleic acid obtained in step 1)
Data Source
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AI summary
Provided is a composition for detecting novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV, influenza A virus, influenza B virus, respiratory adenovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Also provided are a kit containing the composition, a use of the composition, and a method for detecting and typing pathogens that cause a respiratory tract infection.