Multiplexed Automotive Engine Modules for Dispatchable Grid Power
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing electricity grids face challenges in providing affordable, clean, and flexible dispatchable power to compensate for infrequent long-duration supply shortfalls, particularly with variable renewable energy sources, due to high capital costs and limited flexibility of current systems like Open Cycle Gas Turbines and batteries.
Innovation Solution
The use of modular electricity generation systems based on Multiplexed Automotive Engines (MAE) that utilize mass-produced automobile engines with advanced catalytic converters and modular containers, allowing for efficient, flexible, and cost-effective power generation using a variety of fuels, including low-carbon options.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Power
If Open Cycle Gas Turbines (OCGT) are used to provide supplemental power, then power generation capability is achieved, but capital expense becomes prohibitively high due to low capacity factor operation
Solution Approach 1:
The system segments the supplemental power function into multiple distributed modular units rather than relying on large centralized OCGT plants. Each module operates independently at optimal capacity, eliminating the need for oversized units to run at low capacity factors. This segmentation allows each unit to operate efficiently at its designed capacity while collectively meeting peak demand requirements.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent employs modular units with simplified designs that can be deployed quickly and at lower capital cost than traditional OCGT systems. These modules are designed for rapid deployment and can be replaced or upgraded more easily than conventional large-scale turbine systems, reducing the economic burden of low utilization.
2Power
If OCGT units are used for supplemental power, then power generation is provided, but flexibility in minimum affordable size and efficient operation at reduced power output is limited
Solution Approach 1:
The modular system enables dynamic scaling of power output by adjusting the number of active modules rather than throttling individual large units. Each module can be independently started or stopped, allowing the system to match power output precisely to demand while keeping operating units at their optimal efficiency point. This dynamic configuration provides both minimum size flexibility and part-load efficiency.
3Duration of action of moving object
If batteries are installed to address supplemental power needs, then short duration power supply is achieved, but cost increases with duration and becomes too expensive for durations over 4 hours
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces battery-based electrical energy storage with a mechanical combustion-based generation system. Instead of storing energy chemically in batteries and discharging it, the system uses modular combustion engines that convert fuel directly to mechanical work and electricity on-demand. This substitution eliminates the exponential cost increase associated with extending battery duration while providing scalable long-duration power supply.
4Reliability
If dispatchable power systems are deployed for low capacity factor applications, then reliability during peak demand is improved, but capital cost per MWh becomes difficult to afford
Solution Approach 1:
The modular units are designed with universal applicability across multiple functions and fuel types. Each module can operate with various fuels (natural gas, propane, diesel, biodiesel) and can serve different market segments from utility-scale peak shaving to distributed generation. This multi-functionality spreads development and deployment costs across diverse applications, reducing the effective capital cost per MWh for any single application.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
MAE systems provide reliable, low-cost power with ultra-low emissions, high flexibility, and rapid response times, reducing capital costs by up to 90% compared to OCGTs and offering extended duration power supply at a lower cost than batteries.
Implementation Method 1
modular electricity generation systems based on Multiplexed Automotive Engines (MAE) that utilize mass-produced automobile engines with advanced catalytic converters
Data Source
AI summary
Modular electricity generation systems that use large numbers of low-cost Multiplexed Automotive Engines (MAE) to provide dispatchable electricity for decarbonized grid reliability or for non-grid backup power are disclosed. The engines may be disposed in power modules that are readily transportable containers that house several engine-generator units and typically produce 1 to 2 MW of maximum power. The MAE-based generation approach could provide greater flexibility in fuel use; power rating; transportability and location, along with faster startup time and very low air pollution. MAE electricity generation systems can be fueled with natural gas, low-carbon hydrogen and/or various liquids that may or may not be produced by grid electricity. The MAE generation systems can be employed in an energy storage process that uses surplus grid generated electricity from wind or solar energy to produce a fuel that is stored and later converted back into electricity when needed.