Multi-Level Multiplexer X-Ray Detector Readout Logic
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing X-ray detectors face challenges with high power loss and increased crosstalk during readout processes, especially in computed tomography, due to the high frequency required for short readout times and the need for powerful drivers to manage parasitic loads on bus lines, which also hinder efficient cooling and data transmission.
Innovation Solution
The implementation of a multi-level multiplexer in the X-ray detector's evaluation logic reduces the number of data lines and clock rates, allowing for efficient readout and reduced crosstalk by hierarchically organizing detector elements and using a multiplexer-adder level to consolidate signals, thereby minimizing power consumption and improving spatial and energy resolution.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Productivity
If shift registers are used for reading out columns or whole arrays of detector elements, then the readout can be performed, but a large number of simultaneously switching flip-flops is used which must be operated at high frequency leading to high power loss
Solution Approach 1:
The patent divides the detector array into multiple groups (e.g., columns or rows) and assigns each group to a separate readout channel. This segmentation allows parallel readout of multiple groups simultaneously, reducing the required readout time and enabling the use of lower clock frequencies for each individual channel, thereby reducing power consumption while maintaining overall readout productivity.
2Productivity
If shift registers are used for reading out columns or whole arrays of detector elements, then the readout can be performed, but the crosstalk is increased
Solution Approach 1:
By segmenting the detector array into multiple independently readout groups, the patent reduces the electrical interference and signal crosstalk between adjacent detector elements. Each segmented group can be readout with dedicated timing and routing, isolating signal paths and minimizing crosstalk effects while maintaining comprehensive readout capability.
3Ease of operation
If buses are used for specifically addressing and reading out individual pixels, then individual pixels can be addressed, but powerful drivers are needed to recharge high parasitic loads of the bus lines rapidly leading to high power loss
Solution Approach 1:
The patent segments the detector array into multiple groups, each with its own readout channel. This allows individual pixel addressing within each group while using moderate-power drivers, as the bus line length and capacitive load per channel are reduced compared to a single comprehensive bus system.
4Productivity
If a high number of data lines are used to connect integrated circuits to further evaluation electronic system, then data transmission can be performed, but the cooling of the sensor is impeded
Solution Approach 1:
By dividing the detector array into multiple smaller groups with separate readout channels, the patent reduces the total number of data lines required compared to a fully parallel readout system. This segmentation allows data transmission capability while leaving more physical space for thermal management and cooling pathways.
5Productivity
If the readout of count values takes place during the recording, then successive images or scans can be recorded without interruption, but the digital front end activity can interfere with sensitive analog signals
Solution Approach 1:
The patent segments the detector array into multiple groups that can be readout in an interleaved or sequential manner during continuous recording. This allows the readout operation to be distributed over time and channels, reducing the instantaneous digital activity in any single channel and minimizing interference with analog signals while maintaining continuous imaging capability.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach results in reduced power loss, lower clock rates, and decreased crosstalk, enabling more efficient data transmission and improved spatial and energy resolution in X-ray detectors, particularly in computed tomography applications.
Implementation Method 1
The conversion of the energy of the X-ray photons deposited in the converter material can lead to the triggering of electron-hole pairs
Data Source
AI summary
An X-ray detector includes an arrangement of detector elements and an evaluation logic of the arrangement of detector elements. The evaluation logic includes a multi-level first multiplexer. A plurality of detector elements are assigned to a first group and each detector element of the first group is assigned to an input of a first level of the multi-level first multiplexer. The respective total number of the inputs of the levels of the multi-level first multiplexer is greater than the total number of outputs of the levels of the multi-level first multiplexer. A serial output is assigned to an output of a last level of the multi-level first multiplexer.