Multispectral Fluid Analysis with Filtration for Low-Concentration Pathogens
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Solution Overview
Problem
Standard spectrometer techniques face challenges in identifying and quantifying target molecules at low concentrations in biological fluids due to insufficient signal-to-noise ratios and background interference, often using single spectroscopic methods without adequate sample preparation or data analysis.
Innovation Solution
A multi-spectral analysis system utilizing two or more separate spectroscopic processes, including sample preparation methods like micro and nano-filtration, and advanced signal processing with machine learning, to enhance signal-to-noise ratios by factors up to 106.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If standard single spectroscopic methods are used to examine biological fluids, then the measurement system is simple and easy to operate, but the signal-to-noise ratio is insufficient and background interference is high
Solution Approach 1:
The patent combines multiple independent spectroscopic methods (UV-Vis absorption, fluorescence emission, Raman scattering, infrared absorption) into a single integrated measurement system. This merging allows simultaneous collection of multiple spectral datasets from the same sample, improving signal-to-noise ratio through data fusion while maintaining operational simplicity through automated multi-modal analysis
Solution Approach 2:
The patent segments the biological fluid sample into different fractions using micro-filtration and nano-filtration membranes with specific pore sizes. This segmentation separates target molecules from interfering background substances, enabling precise measurement of low-concentration analytes while reducing overall system complexity through staged sample preparation
2Measurement precision
If single spectroscopic methods are used without sample preparation, then the measurement process is quick and simple, but the detection sensitivity is insufficient for low concentration targets
Solution Approach 1:
The patent performs preliminary sample preparation actions including micro-filtration and nano-filtration to concentrate target molecules and remove interfering substances before spectroscopic measurement. This preliminary concentration and purification action enables detection of low-concentration targets while the automated filtration process minimizes time loss
Solution Approach 2:
The patent employs universal spectroscopic measurement principles that can detect multiple types of biological targets (proteins, nucleic acids, metabolites, pathogens) simultaneously using the same multi-modal spectroscopic system. This multi-functionality allows a single prepared sample to be analyzed for multiple analytes, reducing overall measurement time and preparation requirements
3Measurement precision
If multiple spectroscopic methods are combined with sample preparation, then the signal-to-noise ratio is enhanced by factors up to 10^6, but the system complexity and data analysis requirements increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent merges multiple spectroscopic measurement systems into an integrated platform that simultaneously or sequentially performs UV-Vis absorption, fluorescence emission, Raman scattering, and infrared absorption measurements. The system combines these diverse spectroscopic modalities with micro/nano-filtration sample preparation, achieving signal-to-noise enhancement factors up to 10^6 through coordinated multi-modal data collection and fusion algorithms
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces advanced data fusion algorithms and machine learning models as intermediary processing layers between the multi-spectral measurement systems and the final analysis results. These intermediary computational tools automatically integrate data from multiple spectroscopic modalities, perform background subtraction, and identify target molecules, managing system complexity through automated intelligent analysis
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The system achieves highly sensitive and specific identification and quantification of biological entities by enhancing signal-to-noise ratios through combined spectroscopic processes, sample concentration, and data fusion, enabling accurate detection and quantification of viruses and bacteria in biological fluids.
Implementation Method 1
generating, with the first miniature spectrometer, a first absorption spectral output based on the fluid
Implementation Method 2
generating, with the second miniature spectrometer, a second emission spectral output based on the fluid
Data Source
AI summary
Preparing and analyzing a fluid for a multi-spectral analysis is disclosed. The multi-spectral analysis includes providing two or more separate and independent types of spectroscopies including at least a first spectrometer and a second spectrometer of a spectrometer system to examine the fluid after that fluid has passed through one or more sample preparation processes to increase a purity of a target biological entity in the fluid and thereby enhance signal to noise ratios in measurements and related data analysis operations.