Multi-task Learning for Cancer Gene Therapy Target Identification

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current cancer gene therapy development is costly and labor-intensive, relying on in-vitro and in-vivo clinical experiments and animal models, with limited efficiency in identifying effective therapeutic targets across multiple cancer types.

Innovation Solution

A computer-implemented system using a multi-task learning model to jointly analyze real-world patient survival data and genomic data, identifying active genetic factors associated with various cancers and determining common factors shared across cancer types, which are then scored and selected as potential gene therapy targets.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If in-vitro and in-vivo clinical experiments and animal models are used to identify therapeutic targets, then reliability of target identification is improved, but productivity and cost are worsened

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvetarget identification reliabilityVSAvoidtarget identification efficiency
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies preliminary action by using computational methods to pre-screen and prioritize potential therapeutic targets before conducting expensive in-vitro and in-vivo experiments. The system analyzes genomic data, survival data, and literature to generate a ranked list of candidate targets, so that subsequent experimental validation focuses only on the most promising candidates. This preliminary computational filtering step reduces the number of experiments needed while maintaining high confidence in target selection.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The patent replaces mechanical/biological experimental systems with a computational information processing system. Instead of directly conducting time-consuming animal models and clinical experiments to identify targets, the system uses automated data collection, multi-task learning models, and computational analysis to predict therapeutic targets. This substitution of computational mechanics for biological mechanics dramatically improves productivity while maintaining reliability through rigorous statistical modeling.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

2Reliability

If in-vitro and in-vivo clinical experiments and animal models are used to identify therapeutic targets, then reliability of target identification is improved, but development cost is worsened

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvetarget identification reliabilityVSAvoiddevelopment cost
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSLoss of energy

Solution Approach 1:

The system performs preliminary computational analysis to identify and prioritize high-confidence therapeutic targets before committing resources to expensive in-vitro and in-vivo experiments. By pre-filtering candidates using multi-task learning models that integrate genomic, survival, and literature data, the system ensures that expensive experimental validation is performed only on targets with highest predicted efficacy, thereby reducing overall development costs while maintaining reliability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The patent substitutes computational information processing for costly biological experimentation in the target identification phase. The computational system processes public genomic data, survival data, and literature at minimal cost compared to animal models and clinical experiments. This substitution dramatically reduces development costs for the early-stage target identification while preserving reliability through rigorous statistical modeling and multi-data integration.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

3Measurement precision

If separate analysis methods are used for different cancer types, then measurement precision for specific cancer targets is improved, but device complexity and time consumption are worsened

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecancer target identification precisionVSAvoidanalysis system complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent merges multiple separate analysis tasks into a unified multi-task learning framework. Instead of running separate analyses for each cancer type, the system simultaneously analyzes multiple cancer types together, sharing computational resources and statistical power. The multi-task learning model learns common patterns across cancer types while also capturing cancer-specific features, thereby maintaining precision for individual cancers while reducing overall system complexity and analysis time.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent creates a universal analysis system that handles multiple cancer types through a single multi-task learning model. The model is designed to be multi-functional, capable of analyzing genomic data and survival data across different cancer types simultaneously. This universal approach maintains measurement precision for specific cancer targets by learning cancer-specific patterns, while avoiding the complexity and time consumption of separate dedicated systems for each cancer type.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

4Measurement precision

If separate analysis methods are used for different cancer types, then measurement precision for specific cancer targets is improved, but time consumption is worsened

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecancer target identification precisionVSAvoidanalysis time
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The patent combines multiple cancer type analyses into a single simultaneous multi-task learning process. By merging the analysis tasks, the system performs what would otherwise require multiple sequential analyses in a single parallel computation. This maintains measurement precision for each cancer type by preserving cancer-specific signal detection, while dramatically reducing total analysis time by eliminating the need to run separate analyses one after another.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent enables continuous useful action by running the multi-task learning model simultaneously for all cancer types rather than sequentially. The computational process continuously processes data for multiple cancer types in parallel, maximizing resource utilization and minimizing idle time. This continuous parallel processing maintains precision for each cancer type while reducing total analysis time compared to sequential separate analyses.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #20Continuity of useful action

Data Source

PatentUS11410745B2Determining potential cancer therapeutic targets by joint modeling of survival events
Publication Date: 2022.08.09 INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINE CORPORATION
  • US11410745B2 patent drawing
  • US11410745B2 patent drawing
  • US11410745B2 patent drawing

AI summary

Techniques are described that facilitate determining potential cancer gene therapy targets by joint modeling of cancer survival events. In one embodiment, a computer-implemented comprises employing, by a device operatively coupled to a processor, a multi-task learning model to determine active genetic factors respectively associated with different types of cancer based on cancer survival data and patient genomic data for groups of patients that respectively survived the different types of cancer. The computer-implemented method further comprises, determining, by the device, common active genetic factors of the active genetic factors that are shared between two or more types of cancer of the different types of cancer.