Multivalent Cattle Vaccine for Pregnancy Safety
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current vaccines for Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) and other pathogens are not effective for pregnant and nursing cows, and they provide limited protection against a range of respiratory and reproductive diseases in cattle, leading to significant economic losses in the cow-calf and dairy industries.
Innovation Solution
A combination vaccine that includes modified live or inactivated antigens for BVDV, BHV-1, PI3, BRSV, Leptospira species, and other pathogens, along with adjuvants, is administered to provide broad-spectrum protection against infections, including during pregnancy and lactation, using a multivalent composition that induces both cellular and humoral immune responses.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If current vaccines are administered to pregnant and nursing cows, then vaccination coverage is achieved, but the vaccines are ineffective and may cause harm
Solution Approach 1:
The vaccine is divided into multiple components, each targeting specific pathogens (BVDV types 1 and 2, BHV-1, PI3, BRSV, Leptospira species). This segmentation allows each antigen to be optimized for safety and efficacy in pregnant and nursing cows while maintaining broad-spectrum protection
Solution Approach 2:
The vaccine uses modified live or inactivated antigens with altered parameters (attenuated virulence, inactivated state) that maintain immunogenicity while reducing harmful effects. This parameter modification enables safe administration to pregnant and nursing cows that would otherwise be contraindicated
2Adaptability or versatility
If single-pathogen vaccines are used, then specific disease protection is achieved, but broad-spectrum protection against multiple respiratory and reproductive diseases is limited
Solution Approach 1:
Multiple antigens targeting different pathogens (BVDV, BHV-1, PI3, BRSV, Leptospira) are merged into a single combination vaccine formulation. This merging provides broad-spectrum protection against multiple respiratory and reproductive diseases simultaneously, reducing the number of vaccinations needed
Solution Approach 2:
The combination vaccine achieves multi-functionality by protecting against various viral and bacterial pathogens that cause respiratory and reproductive diseases. A single vaccine administration provides universal protection across multiple disease spectrums, including protection during pregnancy and lactation
3Duration of action of moving object
If vaccines provide short-duration immunity, then initial protection is achieved, but long-lasting immunity and sustained protection are not maintained
Solution Approach 1:
The vaccine induces both cellular and humoral immune responses in advance, creating a robust immune memory before disease exposure. This preliminary immune priming ensures long-lasting immunity and sustained protection that persists through pregnancy and lactation periods
Solution Approach 2:
The combination of modified live or inactivated antigens with adjuvants creates continuous immune stimulation, maintaining protective antibody levels and cellular immunity over extended periods. This continuity ensures sustained protection rather than transient immunity
Data Source
AI summary
The present invention relates to combination vaccines and methods for treating or preventing diseases or disorders in an animal caused by infection by Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) Types 1 and 2, Bovine Herpes Virus Type-1 (BHV-1), Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus (BRSV), Parainfluenza Virus (PI3), Campylobacter fetus, Leptospira canicola, Leptospira grippotyphosa, Leptospira hardj-prajitno, Leptospira icterohaemmorrhagiae, Leptospira hardjo-bovis and Leptospira pomona by administering to the animal an effective amount of a combination vaccine. The combination vaccine can be a whole or partial cell inactivated or modified live preparation.