Multivalent mRNA Vaccine Encoding Variant Spike Proteins
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current COVID-19 vaccines face challenges in providing broad protection against multiple coronavirus variants and species, with issues such as reduced efficacy against variants like B.1.351 and B.1.617, and a lack of approved variant-specific vaccines.
Innovation Solution
Development of multivalent coronavirus vaccines that include compositions and methods for delivering nucleic acids encoding immunogenic viral peptides or proteins, specifically targeting SARS-CoV-2 variants and other coronavirus species, using lipid nanoparticle-based mRNA vaccines that encode spike proteins with stabilizing mutations.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If current COVID-19 vaccines are used, then high efficacy against original strain is achieved, but reduced efficacy against variants like B.1.351 and B.1.617 occurs
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies multivalent vaccine design that combines multiple coronavirus antigens (SARS-CoV-2 wild type and variant-specific antigens such as B.1.351 and B.1.617) into a single vaccine composition. This enables the vaccine to provide universal protection against multiple coronavirus strains and variants simultaneously, resolving the contradiction between maintaining high efficacy against original strain and achieving adaptability against emerging variants.
Solution Approach 2:
The vaccine composition is segmented into multiple distinct antigen components, each targeting specific coronavirus variants. The multivalent formulation includes separate antigen expressions for wild type SARS-CoV-2 and variant-specific antigens, allowing the immune system to generate targeted responses against each variant while maintaining overall vaccine efficacy.
2Reliability
If variant-specific vaccines are developed, then protection against specific variants is improved, but lack of broad protection against multiple coronavirus species occurs
Solution Approach 1:
The patent designs a multivalent vaccine that universally targets multiple coronavirus species including SARS-CoV-2 and its variants (B.1.1.7, B.1.351, B.1.617), as well as other coronavirus species. By incorporating multiple antigen types in a single composition, the vaccine achieves both variant-specific protection and broad spectral coverage against different coronavirus species.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent merges multiple antigen expressions into a single multivalent vaccine composition that can be administered together. This combining approach integrates wild type SARS-CoV-2 antigens with variant-specific antigens and other coronavirus antigens, creating a comprehensive vaccine that provides both targeted and broad protection simultaneously.
3Productivity
If mRNA vaccines are used, then rapid vaccine generation is achieved, but reduced durability of immune response occurs
Solution Approach 1:
The patent employs mRNA technology that enables dynamic and rapid adaptation of vaccine compositions to match evolving coronavirus variants. The mRNA platform allows quick reconfiguration of antigen sequences to target new variants while maintaining the ability to induce durable immune responses through optimized nucleotide modifications and delivery systems.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent utilizes mRNA nucleotide modifications (such as pseudouridine or N1-methylpseudouridine substitutions) to enhance the durability of immune responses while maintaining rapid vaccine generation capabilities. These parameter changes in the mRNA structure improve antigen presentation and immune memory formation, extending the duration of protective immunity.
Data Source
AI summary
The current disclosure includes coronavirus vaccines that protect against pathogenic coronavirus species, as well as their variants. In certain embodiments, SARS-CoV-2 variant specific and multivalent coronavirus vaccines are described. The vaccines typically include a modified mRNA which encodes at least one coronavirus derived immunogen, such as a spike protein or a fragment thereof. The mRNA can be encapsulated into lipid nanoparticles or other carriers and formulated as pharmaceutical compositions which can be used to generate an immune response to coronavirus in a subject. The vaccines can be used to elicit potent B and T cell responses against SARS-CoV-2 variants and to confer protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2, as well as other pathogenic coronavirus species such as SARS-CoV and/or MERS-CoV.