Mushroom Extraction Using Subcritical Fluid and Enzymatic Hydrolysis
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional methods for extracting active ingredients from mushrooms are inefficient, requiring long cooking times, high temperatures, and large amounts of organic solvents, resulting in low extraction yields and difficulty in digesting and absorbing beneficial components due to the tough cell wall structure.
Innovation Solution
A method involving crushing mushrooms, mixing with deionized water, subcritical fluid extraction, centrifugation, cellulase enzyme treatment, high-pressure hydrolysis, and concentration to obtain a mushroom extraction solution rich in β-glucans and triterpenes, optimizing extraction conditions such as pressure, temperature, and time to enhance yield and reduce solvent use.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Productivity
If conventional hot water extraction method is used, then extraction process is simple, but extraction yield is low and cooking time is long
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies preliminary action by performing high-pressure homogenization and enzyme treatment before extraction. The mushroom powder is pre-treated with high-pressure homogenization (100-500 MPa) to disrupt cell walls, followed by enzyme treatment with cellulase and pectinase to further break down cell wall structures. This preliminary breakdown of the tough chitin-based cell walls before extraction significantly improves extraction yield and reduces the time required for the extraction process itself.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent applies parameter changes by using high-pressure homogenization (100-500 MPa) and controlled enzyme treatment conditions (temperature, pH, time) to alter the physical and chemical state of the mushroom cell walls. These parameter changes facilitate better penetration of extraction solvents and improve the release of active ingredients, thereby increasing extraction yield while reducing overall processing time.
2Productivity
If conventional hot water extraction method is used, then equipment requirement is simple, but extraction yield is low and temperature is high
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies preliminary action by performing high-pressure homogenization and enzyme treatment before extraction. The mushroom powder is pre-treated with high-pressure homogenization (100-500 MPa) to disrupt cell walls, followed by enzyme treatment with cellulase and pectinase to further break down cell wall structures. This preliminary breakdown of the tough chitin-based cell walls before extraction significantly improves extraction yield and reduces the time required for the extraction process itself.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent applies parameter changes by using high-pressure homogenization (100-500 MPa) and controlled enzyme treatment conditions (temperature, pH, time) to alter the physical and chemical state of the mushroom cell walls. These parameter changes facilitate better penetration of extraction solvents and improve the release of active ingredients, thereby increasing extraction yield while reducing overall processing time.
3Productivity
If conventional extraction methods are used, then process is simple, but large amount of organic solvents are required
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies the taking out principle by selectively removing and utilizing specific enzymes (cellulase and pectinase) that target and break down cell wall components. This enzymatic breakdown creates pathways for water-based extraction to access intracellular compounds, replacing the need for large amounts of organic solvents while maintaining high extraction yields of active ingredients.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent applies parameter changes by using high-pressure homogenization (100-500 MPa) and controlled enzyme treatment conditions (temperature, pH, time) to alter the physical and chemical state of the mushroom cell walls. These parameter changes facilitate better penetration of extraction solvents and improve the release of active ingredients, thereby increasing extraction yield while reducing overall processing time.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Significantly increases the extraction yield of active ingredients from mushrooms, avoiding the limitations of conventional methods by reducing cooking time, temperature, and solvent usage, while enriching the extract with β-glucans and triterpenes.
Implementation Method 1
a subcritical fluid extraction step for adding the crude crush mixture into a subcritical fluid extractor and extracting the crude crush mixture to obtain a crude mushroom extract
Implementation Method 2
a first centrifugal step for centrifuging the crude mushroom extract under 5000 ̃15000 rpm for 5 ̃30 minutes, collecting a supernatant separated from the crude mushroom extract
Implementation Method 3
a high-pressure hydrolysis step for adding the reaction mixture into a high-pressure hydrolysis reactor and extracting the reaction mixture to obtain a hydrolysate
Implementation Method 4
a second centrifugal step for centrifuging the hydrolysate under 5000 ̃15000 rpm for 5 ̃30 minutes, and collecting a supernatant separated from the hydrolysate
Implementation Method 5
a concentration step for combining the first supernatant and the second supernatant, and then concentrating a mixture of the first supernatant and the second supernatant under 37° C. to obtain a mushroom extraction solution
Data Source
AI summary
A method of extracting active ingredients in mushrooms includes following steps: crushing a mushroom to obtain a crude mushroom crush; mixing the crude mushroom crush with deionized water to obtain a crude crush mixture; adding the crude crush mixture into a subcritical fluid extractor and extracting the crude crush mixture to obtain a crude mushroom extract; centrifuging the crude mushroom extract to harvest a first supernatant and a mushroom residue; mixing the mushroom residue with deionized water and a cellulase enzyme to obtain a reaction mixture; adding the reaction mixture into a high-pressure hydrolysis reactor and extracting the reaction mixture to obtain a hydrolysate; centrifuging the hydrolysate to obtain a second supernatant; and combining the first supernatant and the second supernatant, and then concentrating the combined first and second supernatants to obtain a mushroom extraction solution.