N-Port Antenna Using Spherical Vector Wave Modes
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional multi-antenna devices using only two spherical vector wave modes fail to effectively achieve pattern/polarization gains, leading to limitations in channel capacity and requiring significant space for ultra-multi-antenna technologies like massive MIMO.
Innovation Solution
An N-port pattern/polarized antenna device utilizing N spherical vector wave modes, with electric and magnetic field antennas integrated to face different directions, arranged at intervals not exceeding half-wavelength, to enhance pattern/polarization gains and enable more efficient beamforming.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Device complexity
If conventional multi-antenna devices use only two spherical vector wave modes, then the device complexity is reduced, but the pattern/polarization gains are not effectively obtained and channel capacity is limited
Solution Approach 1:
The antenna device segments the spherical vector wave modes into multiple orthogonal modes (at least N modes where N≥3), dividing the single channel into multiple independent communication channels. Each mode operates independently with its own characteristic, enabling parallel data transmission and achieving spatial multiplexing gain without requiring complex antenna structures
Solution Approach 2:
The invention transitions from using only two spherical vector wave modes to utilizing at least N modes by introducing additional dimensional diversity in the spherical harmonic domain. This dimensional expansion in mode space enables higher channel capacity and pattern/polarization gains while maintaining reasonable device complexity
2Device complexity
If dual-polarized antennas are integrated in the MIMO system, then the device complexity is reduced, but the pattern/polarization gains are not effectively obtained
Solution Approach 1:
The antenna device achieves multi-functionality by enabling at least N spherical vector wave modes to operate simultaneously within a single integrated antenna structure. Each mode provides distinct radiation characteristics, allowing the system to perform multiple functions (different polarization states, different radiation patterns) without requiring separate antenna elements for each function
Solution Approach 2:
The invention changes the operational parameters of the antenna system by utilizing at least N different spherical vector wave modes instead of just two. This parameter change in the modal domain enables the system to achieve higher pattern/polarization gains and reliability while maintaining manageable device complexity through proper mode selection and combination
3Productivity
If tens to hundreds of antennas are placed for massive MIMO, then the channel capacity is increased, but the space required for antennas must be secured
Solution Approach 1:
The invention segments the channel capacity enhancement goal into multiple spherical vector wave modes that can be utilized within a compact antenna array. Instead of deploying tens or hundreds of physical antennas, the system segments the available modes to achieve similar capacity improvements in a space-efficient manner
Solution Approach 2:
The invention transitions from spatial expansion (adding more physical antennas) to modal expansion (utilizing at least N spherical vector wave modes). This dimensional shift from physical space to modal space enables high channel capacity without requiring large antenna arrays, effectively solving the space constraint problem
Data Source
AI summary
In an N-port pattern/polarized antenna device, two-type antenna elements are configured to have a radiation pattern to use a spherical vector wave mode with at least N orders, the antenna elements being arranged at intervals not larger than a half wavelength between them. The antenna elements comprise electric field antennas with a radiation pattern distributed in an even mode among the spherical vector wave mode, and magnetic field antennas with a radiation pattern distributed in an odd mode, the electric field antennas and the magnetic field antennas being integrated to face a different direction, each other.