NAND Flash Verify Operation Using Distinct Unselected Word Line Voltages

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Solution Overview

Problem

The back pattern effect in NAND flash memory devices leads to errors during data reading due to changes in channel resistance and IV characteristics after programming, caused by uneven programming of memory cells, resulting in artificial shifts of threshold voltages.

Innovation Solution

Applying distinct voltages to unselected word lines that have been programmed versus those that have not been programmed, along with neighboring memory cells, during verify and read operations to maintain accurate threshold voltage measurements and reduce errors.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Ease of operation

If a single voltage is applied to all unselected word lines during verify operations, then the operation is simple, but the threshold voltage measurements become inaccurate due to the back pattern effect

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveverify operation simplicityVSAvoidthreshold voltage measurement accuracy
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of operationVSMeasurement precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies different voltages to different groups of unselected word lines based on their programming status. Specifically, unselected word lines that have been programmed receive a first voltage, while unselected word lines that have not been programmed receive a second voltage. This local differentiation eliminates the back pattern effect and ensures accurate threshold voltage measurements during verify operations.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

2Productivity

If memory cells are programmed in sequence from source side to drain side, then the programming process is systematic, but the IV characteristics change during verification causing errors

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveprogramming efficiencyVSAvoiddata sensing accuracy
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent dynamically adjusts the voltage applied to unselected word lines based on their programming status. During the sequential programming process, the system identifies which unselected word lines have been programmed and applies appropriate voltages accordingly. This dynamic adaptation maintains consistent IV characteristics throughout the programming process, ensuring reliable data sensing even as the programming progresses.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach minimizes errors by maintaining consistent IV characteristics and accurate threshold voltage readings, ensuring reliable data sensing and reading operations in NAND flash memory systems.

Implementation Method 1

Applying distinct voltages to unselected word lines that have been programmed versus those that have not been programmed, along with neighboring memory cells, during verify and read operations to maintain accurate threshold voltage measurements and reduce errors

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectVoltage application: Electric Field

Data Source

PatentEP2022060B1Verify operation for non-volatile storage using different voltages
Publication Date: 2012.02.01 SANDISK TECHNOLOGIES LLC
  • EP2022060B1 patent drawingFigure 1~3
  • EP2022060B1 patent drawingFigure 4
  • EP2022060B1 patent drawingFigure 5

AI summary

When performing a data sensing operation, including a verify operation during programming of non-volatile storage elements (or, in some cases, during a read operation after programming), a first voltage (Vrdl) is used for unselected word lines (464, 466, 468) that have been subjected to a programming operation and a second voltage (Vrd2) is used for unselected word lines (472, 474, 476, 478) that have not been subjected to a programming operation. In some embodiments, the second voltage is lower than the first voltage.