NAND Flash Pre-Boot Data Redundancy Across IC Dies

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Solution Overview

Problem

NAND-type non-volatile memories, such as NAND flash memory, face challenges in storing reliable pre-boot information due to defects and the 'disturb problem,' which can lead to data loss and reduced storage lifespan, necessitating innovative methods for data redundancy and allocation strategies.

Innovation Solution

Implementing a system that uses NAND-type non-volatile memory to store multiple redundant copies of pre-boot information across multiple integrated circuit dies, with specific allocation of blocks for different bootloader stages and metadata management to ensure high storage reliability and prolong the lifespan of the storage partition.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Quantity of substance

If NAND-type non-volatile memory is used to store pre-boot information, then mass storage capability is improved, but data reliability deteriorates due to defects and disturb problems

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvestorage capacityVSAvoiddata reliability
Core Design Contradiction:
Quantity of substanceVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements redundant copying of pre-boot information across multiple NAND flash memory devices. Each device stores a copy of the critical boot data, and the system maintains a mapping of which devices contain valid copies. This copying strategy ensures that if one device fails or develops defects, the system can retrieve pre-boot information from another device, thereby maintaining data reliability while utilizing NAND flash's high storage capacity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #26Copying

2Reliability

If multiple redundant copies are stored across multiple IC dies, then storage reliability is improved, but device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvestorage reliabilityVSAvoidstorage management complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements a self-managing redundancy system where the boot manager automatically maintains a mapping of pre-boot information locations across multiple devices. The system autonomously tracks which devices contain valid copies and can retrieve information without manual intervention. This self-service approach handles the complexity of managing multiple redundant copies automatically, making the increased device complexity transparent to the user while maintaining high storage reliability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

3Adaptability or versatility

If NAND-type NVM is used instead of separate NOR flash, then device integration is improved, but bootup reliability deteriorates

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvestorage versatilityVSAvoidbootup reliability
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent prepares for potential read disturbances and defects by implementing redundant copies of pre-boot information stored beforehand in multiple NAND flash devices. The boot manager maintains a mapping of these copies and can select valid copies for retrieval. This beforehand cushioning strategy compensates for the inherent reliability issues of NAND flash during boot operations, allowing the system to use integrated NAND storage while maintaining bootup reliability equivalent to traditional NOR flash solutions.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #11Beforehand cushioning (Prior cushioning)

Data Source

PatentUS8694766B2Device bootup from a NAND-type non-volatile memory
Publication Date: 2014.04.08 APPLE INC
  • US8694766B2 patent drawing
  • US8694766B2 patent drawing
  • US8694766B2 patent drawing

AI summary

Systems and methods are provided for using a NAND-type non-volatile memory (“NVM”), such as NAND flash memory, to store NV pre-boot information for a bootloader (e.g., a second state bootloader) or an operating system. The NV pre-boot information can include, for example, environment variables storing the configuration or state of an electronic device. In some embodiments, an electronic device including the NAND-type NVM may allocate a portion of the super blocks in the NAND-type NVM to storing the NV pre-boot information. The electronic device may store a redundant copy of the NV pre-boot information into the allocated portion of each IC die of the NAND-type NVM.