Nanocrystalline Fluorescent Microspheres for Multiplexed Biochip Detection
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing suspension liquid biochip technologies face challenges with overlapping fluorescent signals due to wide emission peaks of organic dyes, poor light stability, high costs, and limited detection channels, making them unsuitable for high-throughput and rapid clinical testing.
Innovation Solution
The use of nanocrystalline fluorescent microspheres with narrow emission peaks, excited by a single laser device, allows for multiple detection channels and encoding through different wavelengths, reducing costs and improving signal distinction, and the system includes a rotatable clamp for easy tube handling.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Adaptability or versatility
If organic fluorescent dyes are used for multicolor labeling, then multiple detection channels are achieved, but the wide emission peaks make signals overlap and difficult to distinguish
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the key parameter of fluorescent dyes from organic dyes with wide emission peaks to quantum dot fluorescent dyes with narrow emission peaks. This parameter change resolves the contradiction by maintaining multiple detection channels while significantly improving signal distinction, as quantum dots' narrow emission peaks prevent signal overlap even when multiple wavelengths are used simultaneously.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent uses composite material structure where quantum dots are incorporated into microsphere particles. This composite approach combines the advantages of quantum dots (narrow emission peaks) with microspheres (good suspension stability, ease of operation), achieving both multiple detection channels and clear signal distinction without the limitations of pure organic dyes.
2Adaptability or versatility
If organic fluorescent dyes are used, then multiple detection channels are enabled, but the poor light stability and fluorescent bleaching reduce service life and storage period
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the material parameter from organic fluorescent dyes to quantum dot fluorescent dyes. Quantum dots possess superior photostability and resistance to fluorescent bleaching compared to organic dyes, thereby resolving the contradiction by enabling multiple detection channels while significantly extending service life and storage period through enhanced light stability.
3Measurement precision
If two different wavelength laser devices are used to excite classification fluorescence and reporter fluorescence, then detection accuracy is improved, but the cost of the detection instrument increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies universality by designing a single laser device that can excite both classification fluorescence and reporter fluorescence. By selecting quantum dots with appropriate excitation wavelengths, one laser device performs the function previously requiring two different wavelength devices, thus reducing instrument cost while maintaining detection accuracy through the narrow emission peaks that prevent signal overlap.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent merges the excitation function for both classification and reporter fluorescence into a single laser device. The quantum dot fluorescent dyes are designed to be excitable by the same wavelength range, allowing one laser to simultaneously or sequentially excite both types of fluorescence without signal interference, thereby combining what previously required two separate devices into one cost-effective system.
4Measurement precision
If conventional suspension liquid biochip system is used, then detection capability is achieved, but the expensive system and high cost per test sample make it difficult for application
Solution Approach 1:
The patent adopts quantum dot fluorescent dyes that can be integrated into a simplified detection system. While quantum dots themselves have good stability, the overall system design emphasizes cost-effectiveness by using a single laser device and simplified optical path, making the detection system more affordable and suitable for widespread application compared to conventional expensive systems.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach enables efficient, low-cost, high-throughput detection with improved signal encoding and channel multiplicity, enhancing the sensitivity and specificity of biochip analysis.
Implementation Method 1
a laser light emitted by a single laser device is used to excite a classification fluorescence of nanocrystalline fluorescent microspheres
Implementation Method 2
nanocrystalline fluorescent microspheres with narrow emission peaks
Implementation Method 3
a laser light emitted by a single laser device is used to excite a classification fluorescence of nanocrystalline fluorescent microspheres and a reporter fluorescence of an object to be detected
Data Source
AI summary
Disclosed are a detection method and detection system using suspension liquid biochip detection. The detection method using suspension liquid biochip comprises the following steps: an excitation step and a signal acquisition step. In the excitation step, a laser light emitted by a single laser device is used to excite a classification fluorescence of nanocrystalline fluorescent microspheres and a report fluorescence of an object to be detected; and in the signal acquisition step, fluorescence detection signals are obtained through multiple acquisition channels, respectively. In the present invention, the classification fluorescence in the nanocrystalline fluorescent microspheres and the report fluorescence in the object to be detected in a sample are excited by a single laser device, which is convenient for operation and reduces the production cost of the system, thereby reducing the detection cost.