Nanofluid Sensor Real-Time Spatial Sensing
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Solution Overview
Problem
Traditional biomolecule detection methods are limited by low sensitivity, slow response times, and the need for large reagent amounts, and existing FET-based sensors lack the capability for real-time spatial sensing of nanoparticles within nanofluids.
Innovation Solution
A semiconductor structure with an array of gate structures, including vertical and horizontal channels, and a back gate dielectric material, which allows for real-time spatial sensing of nanoparticles by measuring changes in gate structure characteristics as nanofluid flows through the channels.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If traditional biomolecule detection methods (fluorescence, isotope labeling, patch clamp) are used, then biosensing can be performed, but sensitivity is limited and response time is slow
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces traditional optical detection methods (fluorescence, isotope labeling) with an electrical field-based FET sensing system. The FET sensor detects biomolecules through changes in electrical current caused by charge accumulation near the channel, eliminating the need for optical labels and enabling direct, label-free detection with higher sensitivity and faster response times.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the detection parameter from optical signals (fluorescence intensity, isotope radioactivity) to electrical parameters (drain current, threshold voltage shifts). This parameter transformation enables real-time monitoring with higher temporal resolution and eliminates the slow response inherent in traditional methods that require label binding and signal development.
2Quantity of substance
If traditional biomolecule detection methods are used, then detection can be performed, but large amounts of reagent are required
Solution Approach 1:
The patent substitutes reagent-based detection (fluorescent labels, isotopic markers) with an electrical field interaction system. The FET sensor's electric field directly interacts with charged biomolecules, eliminating the need for large amounts of labeling reagents while maintaining or enhancing detection capability through direct charge-based sensing.
3Measurement precision
If planar FET sensors are used, then biosensing capability is improved over traditional methods, but real-time spatial sensing of nanoparticles within nanofluid is not achieved
Solution Approach 1:
The patent divides the sensing system into multiple planar FET sensors arranged in an array, each capable of independent measurement. This segmentation enables spatial resolution across the nanofluid channel, allowing real-time tracking of nanoparticle positions and concentrations at different locations, thereby achieving the versatility of spatial sensing while maintaining the high biosensing capability of FET technology.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent transitions from a single-point or limited-area planar FET sensor to an array configuration that adds spatial dimensionality to the detection. By arranging multiple FETs in a two-dimensional array above the nanofluid channel, the system achieves real-time spatial mapping of nanoparticle distribution while preserving the electrical field-based detection advantages of planar FET technology.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Enables real-time and sensitive detection of nanoparticles within nanofluids, improving upon traditional methods by providing enhanced biosensing capabilities and automation.
Implementation Method 1
A horizontal channel that functions as a back gate is in fluid communication with the vertical inlet and outlet channels, and is located beneath the array of gate structures
Implementation Method 2
the sensor is used for sensing charged molecules or ions, which cause a change in the drain current of the planar FET sensor when the charged species are brought into proximity with the channel region of the FET sensor
Data Source
AI summary
A semiconductor structure capable of real-time spatial sensing of nanoparticles within a nanofluid is provided. The structure includes an array of gate structures. An interlevel dielectric material surrounds the array of gate structures. A vertical inlet channel is located within a portion of the interlevel dielectric material and on one side of the array of gate structures. A vertical outlet channel is located within another portion of the interlevel dielectric material and on another side of the array of gate structures. A horizontal channel that functions as a back gate is in fluid communication with the vertical inlet and outlet channels, and is located beneath the array of gate structures. A back gate dielectric material portion lines exposed surfaces within the vertical inlet channel, the vertical outlet channel and the horizontal channel.