Nanomaterial Heat Transfer Fluid for Pulsating Battery Cooling
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Solution Overview
Problem
Lithium batteries in new energy vehicles are prone to performance degradation and safety risks due to inadequate thermal management, leading to premature failure or accidents from extreme temperatures, highlighting the need for effective thermal management solutions.
Innovation Solution
A battery thermal management system incorporating a pulsating heat pipe filled with a heat transfer fluid that includes a liquid carrier and a gas generation substance, such as nanomaterials like graphene or carbon black, which enhances heat exchange efficiency by generating bubbles to facilitate rapid fluid flow and uniform temperature distribution.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Productivity
If traditional liquid cooling systems are used for battery thermal management, then the system structure is simple, but the heat exchange efficiency is insufficient to achieve uniform temperature distribution
Solution Approach 1:
The patent utilizes phase transition of the heat transfer fluid (liquid-gas-liquid) within the pulsating heat pipe to enhance heat exchange efficiency. The fluid undergoes cyclic phase changes in response to temperature gradients, creating natural pulsating flow that dramatically improves heat transfer performance compared to conventional liquid cooling systems.
Solution Approach 2:
The pulsating heat pipe generates periodic pulsating flow through cyclic phase transitions of the heat transfer fluid. This periodic action creates strong convective heat transfer and turbulence, significantly enhancing heat exchange efficiency and achieving uniform temperature distribution across the battery pack.
2Productivity
If heat pipe technology is added to liquid cooling system to improve heat exchange efficiency, then the thermal management performance improves, but the device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent combines liquid cooling and heat pipe technologies into a unified pulsating heat pipe system. The heat transfer fluid serves dual functions as both cooling medium and working fluid for phase transition, merging two thermal management approaches into one integrated system that improves heat exchange efficiency without proportionally increasing complexity.
Solution Approach 2:
The pulsating heat pipe system is self-regulating through natural phase transitions driven by temperature differences. The heat transfer fluid automatically undergoes evaporation and condensation cycles in response to local temperature conditions, creating self-sustaining pulsating flow that enhances heat transfer without requiring external control mechanisms or complex instrumentation.
3Productivity
If conventional heat transfer fluids are used, then the system is easy to manufacture, but the heat transfer performance and temperature uniformity are insufficient
Solution Approach 1:
The patent employs composite heat transfer fluid containing nanomaterials (such as graphene, carbon nanotubes, or metal oxides) dispersed in a base fluid. This composite formulation significantly enhances thermal conductivity and heat transfer performance while maintaining reasonable manufacturability through conventional mixing and dispersion processes.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent modifies the physical and chemical parameters of the heat transfer fluid by adding nanomaterials and adjusting composition ratios. These parameter changes dramatically improve thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity, and overall heat transfer performance, enabling the system to achieve uniform temperature distribution effectively.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The system achieves improved heat exchange efficiency and uniform temperature distribution, reducing the risk of battery degradation and enhancing the safety and performance of lithium batteries by effectively managing thermal conditions.
Implementation Method 1
the gas generation substance includes at least one of two-dimensional nanomaterial and three-dimensional nanomaterial... generates bubbles to facilitate rapid fluid flow
Implementation Method 2
a thermal management device includes a pulsating heat pipe and a heat transfer fluid... achieves improved heat exchange efficiency and uniform temperature distribution
Data Source
AI summary
The present disclosure provides a heat transfer fluid for thermal management includes a liquid carrier and a gas generation substance. The gas generation substance is distributed in the liquid carrier. The gas generation substance includes at least one of two-dimensional nanomaterial and three-dimensional nanomaterial. The present disclosure also provides a thermal management device and a battery thermal management system having the heat transfer fluid.