Nanoparticle Delivery Device with Biocompatible Coating
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current methods for delivering biological, chemical, or biochemical substances are limited by toxicity, immunogenicity, degradation, and complex manufacturing processes, which affect the payload's delivery efficiency and activity, particularly in targeting specific tissues or cells without systemic toxicity.
Innovation Solution
A nanoparticle-based delivery device encapsulating a payload with a biocompatible coating that prevents premature release, allowing for targeted delivery and prolonged activity, using an emulsion process to form the nanoparticle and coat it with a porous or non-porous layer to control the release of the payload, and optionally functionalizing with targeting molecules.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Productivity
If chemical or electrostatic binding methods are used to deliver payload, then delivery can be achieved, but the binding method blocks activity of active payload and is complex to manufacture
Solution Approach 1:
The patent uses a nanoparticle core-shell structure as an intermediary carrier. The payload is encapsulated within the nanoparticle core, eliminating the need for direct chemical binding between the payload and external materials. This intermediary approach simplifies manufacturing while maintaining delivery efficiency, as the nanoparticle serves as a pre-fabricated vehicle that can be easily functionalized without compromising payload activity.
Solution Approach 2:
The nanoparticle structure provides localized functionality through its core-shell architecture. The core encapsulates and protects the payload, while the shell can be functionalized with specific ligands or antibodies for targeted delivery. This local differentiation allows the payload to maintain its activity while the nanoparticle provides targeted delivery capabilities, avoiding the need for complex bulk manufacturing.
2Productivity
If chemical binding is used to attach material to payload, then delivery can be achieved, but the material has significant toxicity or immunogenicity
Solution Approach 1:
The nanoparticle acts as a biocompatible intermediary between the payload and the biological environment. By encapsulating the payload within the nanoparticle core, the system isolates potentially toxic or immunogenic materials from direct contact with the body's immune system. The nanoparticle shell serves as a protective barrier that reduces harmful interactions while maintaining delivery function.
Solution Approach 2:
The nanoparticle shell provides a flexible protective barrier that can be tailored for biocompatibility. The shell structure protects the payload from direct exposure to the biological environment, reducing toxicity and immunogenicity. This thin film approach allows the payload to be delivered while minimizing harmful interactions with the body's immune system.
3Speed
If the payload is released immediately from the delivery device, then rapid action is achieved, but the payload cannot reach target tissue in greater numbers
Solution Approach 1:
The nanoparticle release system is designed to be dynamic rather than static. The shell can be engineered to respond to specific stimuli such as pH changes, temperature variations, or enzymatic triggers at the target tissue site. This dynamic release mechanism allows the payload to remain enclosed during circulation (preventing premature release) while enabling controlled release upon reaching the target, thereby increasing the number of payload molecules that reach the desired location.
Solution Approach 2:
The nanoparticle is pre-fabricated with the payload enclosed in a protective shell before administration. This preliminary encapsulation prevents premature release during circulation, allowing the payload to be transported to the target tissue intact. The shell is designed to maintain stability during transit while enabling release at the target site, ensuring maximum payload delivery efficiency.
4Reliability
If a non-porous coating is used to encapsulate the nanoparticle, then the payload is completely protected from premature release, but the payload cannot interact with the surrounding environment
Solution Approach 1:
The nanoparticle shell is designed with differentiated local properties. The shell provides complete protection against premature release in the circulation environment, but can be engineered with specific regions or properties that allow controlled interaction with the surrounding environment at the target site. This local quality differentiation enables the shell to simultaneously provide protection and facilitate necessary environmental interactions.
Solution Approach 2:
The shell properties can be changed or adjusted based on the specific application requirements. The shell can be engineered with different porosity levels, surface charges, or molecular compositions that allow selective interaction with the environment. By adjusting these parameters, the system can achieve complete protection during circulation while enabling controlled environmental interaction at the target tissue site.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Enhances preservation, reduces toxicity, prolongs the payload's half-life, and improves cellular uptake, enabling targeted delivery and controlled activity of the payload, such as therapeutic agents or diagnostic tools, while avoiding immune responses.
Implementation Method 1
a biocompatible coating encapsulating the nanoparticle, wherein the payload is prevented from traversing out of the delivery device
Implementation Method 2
the delivery device comprises a porous coating such that the payload is in contact or selective contact with the surrounding environment, e.g. with small substances (e.g. small molecules) that can traverse the pores, but not larger substances (e.g. immune system components such as antibodies and white blood cells)
Implementation Method 3
forming a nanoparticle encapsulating a payload via an emulsion process
Data Source
AI summary
Disclosed is a delivery device for delivering a payload, including a biological, chemical or biochemical substance, to a subject. The delivery device has a nanoparticle loaded with the payload, and porous coating structure over the loaded nanoparticle to prevent the payload from escaping the delivery device, while also preserving the activity of the payload and increasing effective utilization of the payload. Also disclosed is a delivery device for delivering a payload, including a natural virus, recombinant virus, or engineered virus. Also disclosed is a delivery device that has a liposome loaded with the payload and a biocompatible surface coating over the loaded liposome. Also disclosed are methods of fabricating the delivery devices and methods of using the delivery devices in treating health conditions, such as cancer, or in diagnostic applications.