Nanoparticle Fiber Sizing for Stronger Conductive Composites

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current fiber sizing agents do not effectively incorporate nanoparticles to enhance composite strength and impart other characteristics to fibers, limiting their processing efficiency and functionalization.

Innovation Solution

A fiber sizing formulation that includes a dispersion of transition metal nanoparticles in a solvent, which disperses throughout the sizing layer, serving as a catalyst for further nanostructure growth and imparting electrical and thermal conductivity properties.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Strength

If conventional fiber sizing agents are used, then fibers gain basic processing characteristics, but composite strength and functional properties remain limited

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecomposite strengthVSAvoidfunctional properties
Core Design Contradiction:
StrengthVSAdaptability or versatility

Solution Approach 1:

The patent incorporates nanoparticles (such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, metal oxides) into the fiber sizing formulation to create a composite sizing material. This composite approach allows the sizing agent to simultaneously provide mechanical reinforcement for enhanced composite strength and functional properties such as electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, and chemical resistance, thereby resolving the contradiction between strength and adaptability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

Solution Approach 2:

The nanoparticle-enhanced sizing formulation is designed to perform multiple functions simultaneously: it acts as a binding agent for fiber reinforcement, provides mechanical strength enhancement, imparts electrical conductivity, offers thermal management properties, and enables chemical functionality. This multi-functional sizing agent resolves the contradiction by making a single sizing formulation adaptable to diverse performance requirements.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

2Stability of the object's composition

If multiple fiber processing steps are used for nanoparticle incorporation, then nanoparticle dispersion is achieved, but processing complexity and time increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvenanoparticle dispersionVSAvoidprocessing efficiency
Core Design Contradiction:
Stability of the object's compositionVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent combines nanoparticle incorporation with the fiber sizing application step by formulating nanoparticles directly into the sizing agent composition. This merging of steps allows nanoparticles to be dispersed and applied to fibers in a single operation, eliminating the need for separate nanoparticle deposition, dispersion, and sizing steps, thereby maintaining stable nanoparticle dispersion while significantly improving processing efficiency.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Solution Approach 2:

The nanoparticles are pre-dispersed and pre-formulated into the sizing agent before application to the fiber. This preliminary action ensures uniform nanoparticle distribution is achieved in advance, eliminating the need for complex in-situ dispersion steps during fiber processing and thereby resolving the contradiction between composition stability and productivity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

3Ease of manufacture

If nanoparticles are not incorporated in the sizing layer, then sizing application is simple, but fiber functionalization and nanostructure synthesis capability are lost

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesizing application simplicityVSAvoidfiber functionalization
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of manufactureVSAdaptability or versatility

Solution Approach 1:

The nanoparticle-containing sizing formulation provides multiple functions in a single application: it delivers the sizing coating for basic fiber protection and processing characteristics, simultaneously incorporates functional nanoparticles for electrical/thermal conductivity, and provides catalyst sites for in-situ nanostructure synthesis. This multi-functionality maintains ease of manufacture while enabling comprehensive fiber functionalization.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Solution Approach 2:

The sizing formulation itself carries and delivers the nanoparticles to the fiber surface during the normal sizing application process. The sizing agent acts as its own delivery vehicle, eliminating the need for separate nanoparticle deposition equipment or complex manufacturing procedures. This self-service approach maintains manufacturing simplicity while achieving advanced fiber functionalization and enabling subsequent nanostructure growth.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The solution allows for reduced fiber processing steps, enhanced composite strength, improved thermal and electrical conductivity, and the ability to synthesize nanostructures like carbon nanotubes, thereby improving the performance and properties of fibers and composites.

Implementation Method 1

The NPs serve as a catalyst for further nanostructure growth on the fiber

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectCatalysis: Catalysis

Implementation Method 2

after application of the fiber sizing formulation to a fiber and removal of the solvent

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectEvaporation: Evaporation

Data Source

PatentEP2417103B1Fiber sizing comprising nanoparticles
Publication Date: 2015.03.11 APPLIED NANOSTRUCTURED SOLUTIONS LLC
  • EP2417103B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP2417103B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP2417103B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

A fiber sizing formulation includes (1) a nanoparticle (NP)solution that includes a dispersion of transition metal nanoparticles (NPs) in a solvent and (2) a first fiber sizing agent. The NPs disperse throughout the first fiber sizing agent after application of the fiber sizing formulation to a fiber and removal of the solvent. The NPs serve a function selected from a secondary sizing agent, a catalyst for further nanostructure growth on the fiber, and combinations thereof. A fiber includes a sizing disposed about the fiber. The sizing includes transition metal nanoparticles dispersed throughout the sizing. A method includes applying the sizing formulation to a fiber during manufacture of the fiber, and removing the solvent from the applied formulation. A method includes adding a solution of transition metal NPs to a sizing-coated fiber and baking, whereby the sizing solution of NPs is added before baking the sizing.