Nanoparticle Heat Transfer Fluid for High Thermal Conductivity

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current heat transfer fluids, such as water and ethylene glycol, exhibit poor heat transfer performance and can form foam and increase corrosion in industrial systems, while existing nanofluids require additional processing steps and do not achieve high enough heat transfer coefficients for applications like steel making.

Innovation Solution

A heat transfer fluid comprising nanoparticles with a thickness/lateral size ratio below 0.00044, such as graphite nanoplatelets, graphene, and other materials, is used in combination with a dispersing agent to achieve high thermal conductivity and stability, reducing viscosity and enhancing heat transfer coefficients in both laminar and turbulent flow regimes.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If conventional heat transfer fluids (water, ethylene glycol) are used, then the system is simple and inexpensive, but the heat transfer performance is poor and foam formation occurs

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveheat transfer performanceVSAvoidfluid composition complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent uses composite materials by combining base fluids (water or ethylene glycol) with specifically engineered nanoparticles (graphene, graphite nanoplatelets, carbon nanotubes) to create nanofluids that exhibit enhanced heat transfer properties. This composite approach allows achieving high heat transfer coefficients while maintaining system simplicity

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

Solution Approach 2:

The patent changes the physical and chemical parameters of the heat transfer fluid by incorporating nanoparticles with specific properties (high aspect ratio, controlled concentration 0.01-5 wt%, specific surface area). These parameter changes dramatically improve thermal conductivity and heat transfer coefficients without fundamental system redesign

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Reliability

If surfactants are added to improve heat transfer coefficient, then thermal conductivity increases, but foam formation and corrosion increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveheat transfer coefficientVSAvoidfoam formation and corrosion
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSObject-generated harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The patent extracts and eliminates the harmful surfactant component from the heat transfer system. Instead of using surfactants to disperse particles, the invention employs nanoparticles with intrinsic properties (surface oxidation, functional groups) that provide stable dispersion without foam-forming agents, thereby removing the source of foam and corrosion problems

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent replaces expensive and harmful surfactants with inexpensive, inert nanoparticle dispersions that do not form foam or cause corrosion. The nanoparticle-based stabilization mechanism is inherently more stable and less harmful than surfactant-based approaches

Inventive Principle:
Principle #27Cheap short-living objects (Disposable)

3Stability of the object's composition

If oxidized GnPs are used to stabilize suspension, then stability improves, but thermal conductivity enhancement is reduced

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesuspension stabilityVSAvoidthermal conductivity
Core Design Contradiction:
Stability of the object's compositionVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent optimizes the oxidation level and functional group content of nanoparticles to achieve a balance between suspension stability and thermal conductivity. By controlling parameters such as oxidation degree, particle size, and aspect ratio, the invention maintains both stability and high thermal conductivity enhancement

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The patent creates a composite structure where oxidized nanoplatelets form stable networks in the base fluid while maintaining high thermal conductivity pathways. The composite arrangement allows simultaneous achievement of stability and thermal performance through optimized particle distribution and concentration

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

4Reliability

If existing nanofluids are used, then heat transfer performance improves, but additional processing steps and strong acids are required

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveheat transfer coefficientVSAvoidmanufacturing process simplicity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

The patent employs self-service principles by using nanoparticles that inherently provide stabilization through their surface properties without requiring additional chemical treatment steps. The particles self-assemble and self-stabilize in the base fluid, eliminating the need for complex manufacturing processes involving strong acids and multiple processing stages

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The method provides a high heat transfer coefficient with lower nanoparticle concentrations, especially in laminar flow, and avoids the issues of foam formation and corrosion, achieving significant improvements in cooling rates and thermal conductivity compared to traditional fluids.

Implementation Method 1

the presence of a surfactant increases the corrosion of the heat transfer system... scale can be formed... nanoparticles having a specific thickness/lateral size ratio... increased heat transfer coefficient

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectThermal conduction: Conduction (thermal)

Implementation Method 2

method of heat transfer between a metallic or non-metallic item and a heat transfer fluid... cooling rates and thermal conductivity

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectConvection: Convection

Data Source

PatentEP3394201B1A method of heat transfer between a metallic or non-metallic item and a heat transfer fluid
Publication Date: 2021.02.17 ARCELORMITTAL SA
  • EP3394201B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP3394201B1 patent drawingFigure 3~4

AI summary

The present invention relates to a method of heat transfer between a metallic or non-metallic item and a heat transfer fluid comprising a fluid medium and nanoparticles wherein the thickness/lateral size ratio of such nanoparticles is below 0.00044 and wherein nanoparticles do not comprise carbon nanotubes.