Nano-Particle Label Analyte Detection via Monochromatic Light
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing methods for detecting biological analytes using optical means are often unsatisfactory, particularly when the analyte concentration is low, and there is a need for a more reliable and user-friendly approach.
Innovation Solution
A method utilizing electromagnetic waves or monochromatic light to detect target analytes by illuminating samples, recording light intensity, comparing values, and determining presence or absence based on signal enhancement with nano-sized particles like gold or silver, which can be tagged to the analyte, using various wavelengths such as blue, red, or infra-red light.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If conventional optical detection methods are used to detect biological analytes, then the detection process is simple and quick, but the detection reliability is insufficient especially when analyte concentration is low
Solution Approach 1:
The patent introduces electromagnetic waves or monochromatic light as an intermediary to enhance the detection of biological analytes. By illuminating the sample with specific wavelengths of light and detecting the reflected, absorbed, or emitted light intensity, the system achieves higher detection reliability. The light acts as a mediator that interacts with the analyte-bound nano-sized particles, producing detectable signals that overcome the limitations of conventional optical methods.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent employs parameter changes by utilizing different wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation (from 10 nm to 1000 nm, including ultraviolet, visible, and infra-red regions) to optimize detection. By comparing light intensity values obtained at different wavelengths, the system can selectively enhance the signal from target analytes while minimizing background interference, thereby improving detection reliability without requiring complex additional hardware.
2Measurement precision
If signal enhancement agents are used to boost light intensity, then detection accuracy improves, but the complexity of sample preparation increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent utilizes the inherent optical properties of nano-sized particles (such as gold or silver nanoparticles) that bind to target analytes. These particles naturally enhance light scattering, absorption, or emission signals when illuminated with appropriate wavelengths. The system requires minimal sample preparation because the enhancement effect arises automatically from the physical properties of the particles and their interaction with light, rather than requiring complex chemical modifications or additional processing steps.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This method provides a reliable and effective means to detect biological analytes like DNA or peptides by enhancing light signals, improving detection accuracy and reliability across different wavelengths, especially when conventional methods fail due to low concentrations.
Implementation Method 1
Yguerabide et al (Journal of Cellular Biochemistry Supplement 37:71-81 (2001)) discloses the use of resonance light scattering (RLS) particle as labels for analyte detection
Implementation Method 2
detecting intensity of electromagnetic wave reflected, absorbed or emitted from the sample group
Implementation Method 3
detecting intensity of electromagnetic wave reflected, absorbed or emitted from the sample group
Data Source
AI summary
A method for detecting a target analyte associated with nano-sized gold- and/or silver-containing detecting labels in a microarray of samples. The labels indicate presence or absence of a target analyte in a sample. The method includes sequentially illuminating at least two sample groups with at least two different monochromatic light beams. The sample groups include (a) a first sample group containing at least one sample potentially containing the target analyte, and (b) a second sample group serving as positive control or negative control. The method also includes (ii) detecting intensity of light reflected, absorbed, or emitted from each of the sample groups when illuminated with each of the monochromatic light beams. (iii) recording groups of values associated with the intensity reflected, absorbed, or emitted light. (iv) comparing the groups of values associated with the sample groups; and (v) determining the presence of the target analyte based on the comparison.