Nanoparticle Preparation via Direct Liquid Injection

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current methods for preparing nanoparticles and nanocomposite materials face challenges such as environmental and safety risks due to nanoparticle handling, aggregation issues, and limited control over size and dispersion, which hinder their large-scale application and compliance with regulations like REACH.

Innovation Solution

A method using a Direct Liquid Injection device that forms nanoparticles in situ by reacting a liquid precursor with a gas phase, avoiding nanoparticle handling and enabling precise control over size and dispersion, and allowing for the direct incorporation of nanoparticles into a matrix material.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Manufacturing precision

If conventional preparation methods (chemical precipitation, sol-gel, hydrothermal) are used to produce nanoparticles, then nanoparticles with controlled size can be obtained, but nanoparticle handling and aggregation issues arise, creating safety and environmental risks

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvenanoparticle size controlVSAvoidsafety and environmental risks from nanoparticle handling
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The invention extracts the harmful aspect of nanoparticle handling by performing the synthesis directly within the reactor where nanoparticles will be used. The nanoparticles are generated in situ through gas-phase reaction, eliminating the need to handle, transport, and store separate nanoparticle batches, thus removing safety and environmental risks associated with nanoparticle handling while maintaining precise size control through controlled reaction conditions

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

The invention merges the nanoparticle synthesis process with the composite material formation process. By generating nanoparticles in situ within the reactor chamber during the composite material fabrication, the two previously separate operations (nanoparticle preparation and composite formation) are combined into a single integrated process, eliminating intermediate handling steps and associated risks

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

2Quantity of substance

If nanoparticles are synthesized using conventional methods, then sufficient quantity can be produced, but homogeneous dispersion without agglomeration is difficult to achieve

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvenanoparticle production quantityVSAvoidhomogeneous dispersion and non-agglomeration
Core Design Contradiction:
Quantity of substanceVSStability of the object's composition

Solution Approach 1:

The invention employs gas-phase chemistry to synthesize nanoparticles directly within the reactor. The reactants are introduced as gases that react to form nanoparticles in situ, and the gas flow dynamics naturally disperse the formed nanoparticles throughout the reaction zone and into the composite material, ensuring homogeneous distribution without agglomeration while maintaining scalable production quantities

Inventive Principle:
Principle #29Pneumatics and hydraulics

Solution Approach 2:

The invention controls nanoparticle size and dispersion by adjusting reaction parameters such as gas flow rates, temperature, and reactant concentrations. By optimizing these parameters, the process achieves both sufficient nanoparticle production quantity and homogeneous dispersion without agglomeration in the final composite material

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Adaptability or versatility

If multiple separate steps (synthesis, collection, handling, incorporation) are used to prepare nanocomposite materials, then flexibility in material selection is maintained, but process complexity and time increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvematerial selection flexibilityVSAvoidprocess complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The invention combines multiple separate operations (nanoparticle synthesis, collection, handling, and incorporation into matrix) into a single integrated in situ synthesis process performed directly within the reactor. This merging eliminates intermediate steps and equipment, reducing process complexity and time while maintaining flexibility in material selection through adjustable reaction parameters and reactant choices

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

4Ease of manufacture

If conventional synthesis methods are used, then established protocols are available, but scalability to large-scale application is limited due to handling constraints

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveestablished synthesis protocolsVSAvoidlarge-scale application capability
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of manufactureVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The invention extracts the bottleneck of nanoparticle handling from the synthesis process. By performing in situ synthesis directly within the reactor, it removes the handling, collection, and transfer steps that limit scalability. This approach maintains the simplicity and established nature of the protocol while enabling large-scale production through continuous gas-phase reaction processes

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

The invention enables continuous nanoparticle synthesis and incorporation into composite material through sustained gas-phase reactions. The continuous flow of reactant gases maintains steady-state production conditions, allowing for scalable, large-scale manufacturing without the batch-to-batch handling constraints of conventional methods

Inventive Principle:
Principle #20Continuity of useful action

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The method is simple, economic, environmentally friendly, and scalable, ensuring the production of non-agglomerated nanoparticles with controlled size and morphology, facilitating the safe and efficient preparation of nanocomposite materials with improved properties.

Implementation Method 1

A method using a Direct Liquid Injection device that forms nanoparticles in situ by reacting a liquid precursor with a gas phase

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectChemical reaction: Chemical Bonding

Implementation Method 2

Direct Liquid Injection device that forms nanoparticles in situ by reacting a liquid precursor with a gas phase

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectAtomization: Fluid Spray

Data Source

PatentEP3490937B1Process for the preparation of nanoparticles
Publication Date: 2023.03.01 CENT NAT DE LA RECH SCI (C N R S)
  • EP3490937B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2b
  • EP3490937B1 patent drawingFigure 3
  • EP3490937B1 patent drawingFigure 4a~4b

AI summary

The present invention relates to a "safety-by-design" method for the preparation of nanoparticles, to a method for the preparation of a nanocomposite material, and to the use of a direct liquid injection device so as to prepare nanoparticles or nanocomposite materials in a "safety-by-design" process.