Nanopore Biomolecule Detection Using Multi-Electrode Field Distribution
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing DNA detection systems using nanopores face challenges with high resistance and voltage drop near the nanopore, limiting the electric field distribution and efficient induction of biomolecules due to rapid ion translocation and thermal diffusion.
Innovation Solution
A biomolecule detection apparatus is designed with additional electrodes positioned near the nanopore to create a more uniform electric field, facilitating the induction of target biomolecules into the nanopore by distributing the electric field over a wider range, thereby reducing thermal diffusion and increasing detection precision.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If a strong electrolyte with good ion conductivity is used as liquid solution, then ion conductivity is improved, but resistance greatly increases near the nanopore due to rapid ion translocation
Solution Approach 1:
The patent divides the electrode structure into multiple segments: a first electrode in the sample solution, a second electrode in the reservoir, and a third electrode positioned between them near the nanopore. This segmentation allows different regions to have different electric field strengths, with the third electrode creating a localized strong field near the nanopore to drive ion translocation while the overall system maintains good conductivity through the strong electrolyte.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent applies local quality by positioning the third electrode specifically near the nanopore entrance to create a localized region of high electric field strength. This localized strong field addresses the resistance issue at the nanopore interface without requiring the entire liquid solution to have extremely high conductivity, thus resolving the contradiction between overall conductivity and local resistance.
2Measurement precision
If voltages are applied to induce DNA translocation through the nanopore, then DNA detection capability is improved, but the electric field is mainly distributed near the nanopore causing thermal diffusion in the sample solution
Solution Approach 1:
The multi-electrode configuration segments the electric field distribution into distinct zones. The third electrode near the nanopore creates a focused field for precise DNA detection, while the first and second electrodes establish broader field distribution that reduces thermal diffusion effects in the sample solution, allowing DNA to be transported more controllably toward the nanopore.
Solution Approach 2:
The third electrode acts as an intermediary element between the first electrode in the sample solution and the second electrode in the reservoir. It mediates the electric field distribution by creating an intermediate field zone that guides DNA transport while reducing direct thermal diffusion effects, thus improving detection precision without excessive heating.
3Productivity
If additional electrodes are added near the nanopore to distribute the electric field, then induction efficiency is improved, but device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent segments the electrode function into three distinct electrodes, each serving a specific purpose: the first electrode contacts the sample solution, the third electrode is positioned near the nanopore for focused induction, and the second electrode is in the reservoir. This functional segmentation improves induction efficiency while keeping each electrode's role clear and manageable, reducing operational complexity despite the increased number of components.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The apparatus enhances the induction and detection of biomolecules by distributing the electric field effectively, allowing for more precise detection using electrolytes of lower density and reducing noise from high-density solutions, improving the efficiency of DNA detection.
Implementation Method 1
a base sequence of DNA may be determined or it may be determined whether DNA is single stranded or double stranded by detecting a slight change in a current that occurs when DNA translocates through a nanopore... DNA having negative charge moves toward an anode. Thus, DNA may translocate through the nanopore by placing a cathode in the sample liquid solution in the front of the nanopore and the anode in a reservoir in the rear of the nanopore
Implementation Method 2
a biomolecule detection apparatus is provided, comprising a nanopore device having a front surface and rear surface and including a nanopore having a nano-sized diameter; a reservoir disposed adjacent to a rear surface of the nanopore device; and a power supply unit comprising a first electrode positioned in front of the nanopore device; a second electrode disposed inside the reservoir, wherein the nanopore device is positioned between the first and second electrodes; and a third electrode disposed adjacent to the nanopore between the first electrode and the second electrode
Data Source
AI summary
A biomolecule detection apparatus comprising a nanopore device having a front surface and rear surface and including a nanopore having a nano-sized diameter; a reservoir disposed adjacent to a rear surface of the nanopore device; and a power supply unit comprising a first electrode disposed in a front of the nanopore device; a second electrode disposed inside the reservoir; and a third electrode disposed adjacent the nanopore and between the first electrode and the second electrode; as well as a method of using the biomolecule detection apparatus to detect a biomolecule in a sample.