Nano-sensor System for HIV Pathogen Detection
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current sensor technologies are inadequate for simultaneous detection of chemical agents, biomolecule agents, and biological cells at the ppb level, requiring lengthy detection times and being insensitive, bulky, and costly, limiting their effectiveness in diagnosing infectious diseases like HIV and other pathogens.
Innovation Solution
A nano-sensor system utilizing photonic-band-gap waveguides with dielectric materials, capable of detecting changes in refractive index to measure concentrations of gases, biomolecules, and biological cells, integrated with digital signal processing for real-time analysis and display, allowing for concurrent detection of multiple specimens.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If standard electrical techniques are used for detection, then the detection system is simple to implement, but the sensitivity is low and detection time is long
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces standard electrical detection techniques with surface plasmon resonance (SPR) optical detection. The SPR sensor uses optical energy to detect refractive index changes at the metal-dielectric interface, providing high sensitivity for detecting molecular binding events in real-time without the limitations of electrical methods.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the detection parameter from electrical signal measurement to optical refractive index measurement. By monitoring the resonance angle shift in SPR, the system achieves high sensitivity detection of molecular interactions, allowing simultaneous detection of multiple analytes with different binding characteristics.
2Adaptability or versatility
If conventional sensor systems are used, then the system structure is simple, but the device is bulky and cannot detect multiple specimens simultaneously
Solution Approach 1:
The patent divides the sensing surface into multiple distinct sensing zones, each functionalized with different ligands for detecting specific analytes. This segmentation allows simultaneous detection of multiple specimens (chemical agents, biomolecules, cells) on a single sensor chip, increasing versatility without requiring multiple separate devices.
Solution Approach 2:
The SPR sensor platform provides universal detection capability for multiple types of analytes including chemical agents, biomolecules, and biological cells. By functionalizing different regions with appropriate receptors and using the same optical detection mechanism, the system achieves multi-functionality in a single integrated device.
3Measurement precision
If high sensitivity detection is achieved, then detection accuracy is improved, but the device becomes costly and complex
Solution Approach 1:
The SPR detection method is inherently label-free and requires no external labeling or complex sample preparation. The system directly measures refractive index changes at the sensor surface, providing high sensitivity detection without additional reagents or complex instrumentation, thereby reducing overall system complexity and cost.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Enables rapid, accurate, and cost-effective detection of multiple bio-agents, including infectious diseases, with high sensitivity and specificity, facilitating early diagnosis and reducing complexity and time in medical and industrial applications.
Implementation Method 1
A nano-sensor system utilizing photonic-band-gap waveguides with dielectric materials, capable of detecting changes in refractive index
Implementation Method 2
capable of detecting changes in refractive index to measure concentrations of gases, biomolecules, and biological cells
Data Source
AI summary
This invention relates to a system and methods including their manufacturing technologies for enhanced sensing capability of one or more bioagents covering from HIV, Pathogens, virus, to cells detection. More particularly, this invention is related to HIV and pathogen diagnosis system and methods which may increase its sensitivity and may reduce the diagnosis time. Furthermore, the diagnosis system and method may be applicable to all early stage patients with various age groups, where early and accuracy in diagnosis, are required.