Nanostructured Vector System for Immediate Immune Response
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing vaccines face challenges in achieving immediate immunogenicity and overcoming the early lag-phase of the immune system, requiring multiple doses to establish immunological memory, which is particularly problematic in emergency situations.
Innovation Solution
The development of a nanostructured vector system using the Lipid A-SAEP complex (Endotoxoid A) that incorporates helper T-cell dependent carrier antigens, such as CRM197, to enhance the immunogenic properties of vaccines by mimicking the shape and size of viral nanoparticles and triggering an immediate immune response.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If conventional vaccines are used, then immunological memory is established, but multiple doses are required and there is an early lag-phase before immune response
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies preliminary action by incorporating carrier antigens (such as CRM197, tetanus toxoid, or diphtheria toxoid) into the vaccine formulation before administration. These carrier antigens are chosen because they share epitopes with commonly encountered environmental bacteria, thereby pre-priming the host immune system. When the vaccine is administered, the immune system immediately recognizes the carrier antigen through pre-existing memory B cells, bypassing the lag-phase and directly activating the immune response against the target pathogen antigen.
2Reliability
If multiple vaccine doses are administered, then protective antibody levels are achieved, but the process is delayed and requires repeated interventions
Solution Approach 1:
The patent employs preliminary action by pre-priming the immune system with carrier antigens that share epitopes with environmental bacteria. This creates a reservoir of memory B cells that can immediately respond to the vaccine antigen upon administration, eliminating the need for multiple doses to achieve protective antibody levels and significantly accelerating the immune response speed.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent uses carrier antigens as intermediaries that bridge the gap between the vaccine antigen and the host immune system. These carrier antigens act as mediators by sharing epitopes with commonly encountered bacteria, thereby facilitating immediate immune recognition and activation without requiring multiple vaccine administrations.
3Ease of operation
If traditional antigen presentation methods are used, then vaccines can be administered, but immediate immunogenicity is not achieved in emergency situations
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies preliminary action by incorporating carrier antigens with shared epitopes into the vaccine formulation before administration. This pre-priming strategy ensures that when the vaccine is administered in emergency situations, the immune system immediately recognizes the carrier antigen through pre-existing memory B cells, achieving immediate immunogenicity without compromising the ease of vaccine administration.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach allows for the immediate boosting of the immune system by leveraging existing antigen-specific immunological memory, potentially reducing the number of vaccine doses needed and enhancing the speed of immune response in emergency situations.
Implementation Method 1
a highly stable micellar system with dimensions in the range 10-100 nm which is here found to allow the incorporation of various bacterial and viral antigens on the basis of interacting strong hydrophobic forces
Implementation Method 2
the size dimensions and the molecular characteristics of Endotoxoid A are resembling the ones of most patogenic viruses, and this observation has suggested to the Applicant that the mammalian immune system could have more possibilities for targeting it as foreign antigen for vaccinal use
Data Source
AI summary
The present invention relates to novel nanostructure-based vector system mimicking the shape and the size-characteristics of a viral nanoparticle and presenting functional antigens expressed by different viruses or bacteria to the host's immune system through the presentation together with a helper T-cell dependent carrier protein against which the host's immune system is universally primed through the serological presence of carrier-specific antibodies for triggering an immediate boost of the human immune system. The invention further relates to vaccines based on such nanostructure-based vector system for the prevention of infection mediated by viral and bacterial pathogens in a mammal host.