Nanostructured Polymer-Waste Materials for Low-Temperature CO2 Capture
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current materials for capturing CO2, particularly in mobile applications like vehicles, face challenges due to high absorption temperatures and low capacity, making them unsuitable for efficient CO2 capture and storage.
Innovation Solution
A process to produce nanostructured materials from polymer residues doped with alkali and alkaline earth metals, specifically calcium, magnesium, and beryllium, which are capable of capturing CO2 at low temperatures through a chemical reaction, utilizing a solubilization, pyrolysis, and impregnation process.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Quantity of substance
If calcium-based ceramic materials are used for CO2 capture, then CO2 absorption capacity is improved, but absorption temperature becomes too high (around 500°C) for mobile applications
Solution Approach 1:
The invention changes the chemical composition parameters by incorporating magnesium and beryllium oxides alongside calcium oxide, and by doping with alkali metal carbonates and nitrates. This compositional parameter change enables CO2 absorption at lower temperatures (around 100°C) while maintaining high absorption capacity, resolving the contradiction between capacity and temperature requirements for mobile applications
Solution Approach 2:
The invention creates a composite material system combining calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, beryllium oxide, alkali metal carbonates, and alkali metal nitrates in specific ratios. This composite approach synergistically combines the high capacity of calcium-based materials with the low-temperature reactivity of magnesium and beryllium compounds, achieving both high CO2 absorption capacity and low operating temperature
2Quantity of substance
If conventional CO2 absorption materials are used, then CO2 capture capability is achieved, but the weight of the material is too high for mobile applications
Solution Approach 1:
The invention optimizes the compositional parameters by incorporating lighter metal oxides (magnesium and beryllium) with lower densities compared to traditional calcium-based ceramics. The doping with alkali metals further modifies the density and absorption characteristics, achieving high CO2 absorption capacity per unit weight suitable for mobile applications
Solution Approach 2:
The invention utilizes a porous ceramic structure with controlled porosity to increase the surface area and active sites for CO2 absorption. This porous architecture provides high absorption capacity while maintaining low bulk density, reducing the overall weight of the material for mobile applications
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The resulting nanostructured material achieves high CO2 absorption capacity up to 80% by weight and low density, suitable for mobile applications such as vehicles, with efficient CO2 capture at temperatures around 100°C.
Implementation Method 1
solubilizing the metal hydroxide with purity between 95 and 99.99% in acetyl acetone with purity between 97 and 99%
Implementation Method 2
heating the reactor with a heating rate of 5° C. to 10° C./min−1 to a temperature in the range of 500° C. to 600° C., preferably 530° C.; and maintaining at that temperature for a period of 3 to 8 hours
Implementation Method 3
The process of obtaining the material utilizes residues generated by the polymer industry, being environmentally sustainable. The product obtained, that is, the nanostructured material, has high capacity of CO2 absorption
Implementation Method 4
capable of capturing and Storing CO2... capable of absorbing up to 80% of the mass of CO2... efficient CO2 capture at temperatures around 100°C
Data Source
AI summary
The present invention describes a process for producing nanostructured material, produced from polymer waste doped with alkaline metals and/or alkaline earth metals, which is capable of capturing and storing CO2. The process for obtaining the material uses waste generated by the polymer industry and is therefore environmentally sustainable. The product produced, that is, the nanostructured material, shows high CO2 absorption capacity, being able to absorb up to 80% by weight in mass in CO2. In addition, the product produced shows low density, an important characteristic for application in vehicles. Therefore, the product obtained can be used for capturing and storing CO2 emitted by different emission sources, mainly mobile sources such as vehicles, but can also be used in industries such as the mining industry, oil industry, inter alia, in addition to the automotive industry.