III-V Nanowire FETs with Conformal Gate and Nitrogen Doping

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Solution Overview

Problem

Achieving reliable gate control in non-planar III-V nanowire field effect transistors is challenging due to poor quality native oxides and sub-stoichiometric surfaces, particularly with high-k gate dielectrics, which lead to increased trapped charge and interface trap density.

Innovation Solution

Implementing a nitrogen-doped high-k gate dielectric with a conformal gate electrode and non-directional nitrogen doping to reduce trapped charge and improve gate control, utilizing atomic layer deposition and thermal annealing to ensure uniform nitrogen distribution proximal to the III-V semiconductor interface.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If high-k gate dielectric is used in non-planar III-V nanowire FET, then gate control reliability is improved, but interface trap density increases due to poor quality native oxides and sub-stoichiometric surfaces

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvegate control reliabilityVSAvoidinterface trap density
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies nitrogen doping to modify the chemical composition and electronic properties of the gate dielectric interface. By introducing nitrogen atoms into the high-k dielectric layer adjacent to the III-V semiconductor interface, the interface trap density is reduced while maintaining the high-k characteristics, thus resolving the contradiction between reliability improvement and trap density reduction

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

A nitrogen-containing interface layer is introduced as an intermediary between the high-k gate dielectric and the III-V nanowire semiconductor. This intermediate layer passivates the sub-stoichiometric surface and reduces interface traps, enabling reliable gate control without the harmful effects of direct contact between the high-k dielectric and poor-quality native oxide

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Reliability

If conformal gate electrode is implemented to wrap around nanowire, then gate control is enhanced, but manufacturing complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvegate controlVSAvoidmanufacturing complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The gate electrode is designed with a conformal curved structure that wraps around the cylindrical nanowire channel. This curved geometry provides all-around gate control for enhanced field effect, while the continuous wraparound structure simplifies the overall device architecture compared to planar alternatives with equivalent control

Inventive Principle:
Principle #14Spheroidality (Curvature)

3Reliability

If nitrogen doping is applied to reduce trapped charge, then gate control improves, but process complexity increases due to additional nitridation and annealing steps

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvegate controlVSAvoidprocess complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent combines multiple functions into integrated process steps: the nitrogen doping is performed during or alongside the high-k dielectric deposition process, and the thermal annealing step simultaneously activates the nitrogen doping, repairs interface defects, and stabilizes the dielectric structure. This merging of steps reduces overall process complexity while achieving the desired gate control improvement

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach results in low interface trap density and improved gate control in highly scaled non-planar FETs, enhancing the performance of III-V nanowire transistors by reducing oxidation and maintaining a uniform semiconductor surface treatment.

Implementation Method 1

non-directional nitrogen doping to reduce trapped charge and improve gate control, utilizing atomic layer deposition and thermal annealing to ensure uniform nitrogen distribution proximal to the III-V semiconductor interface

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectDiffusion: Diffusion

Implementation Method 2

utilizing atomic layer deposition and thermal annealing to ensure uniform nitrogen distribution proximal to the III-V semiconductor interface

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectHeating: Heating

Implementation Method 3

utilizing atomic layer deposition and thermal annealing to ensure uniform nitrogen distribution

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectChemical Vapour Deposition: Chemical Vapour Deposition

Data Source

PatentEP2901491B1Iii-v nanowire field effect transistors with conformal metal gate electrode and nitrogen doping of gate dielectric interface
Publication Date: 2022.09.28 INTEL CORP
  • EP2901491B1 patent drawingFigure 1A~1B
  • EP2901491B1 patent drawingFigure 1C
  • EP2901491B1 patent drawingFigure 1D

AI summary

A high-k gate dielectric interface with a group III-V semiconductor surface of a non-planar transistor channel region is non-directionally doped with nitrogen. In nanowire embodiments, a non-directional nitrogen doping of a high-k gate dielectric interface is performed before or concurrently with a conformal gate electrode deposition through exposure of the gate dielectric to liquid, vapor, gaseous, plasma, or solid state sources of nitrogen. In embodiments, a gate electrode metal is conformally deposited over the gate dielectric and an anneal is performed to uniformly accumulate nitrogen within the gate dielectric along the non-planar III-V semiconductor interface.