Narrow Beam Antenna Using Nested Dipole Modules
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Solution Overview
Problem
Radio communication antennas with narrow beam widths face challenges in achieving a smaller size while maintaining effective beam width and side lobe characteristics, particularly in small-scale or ultra-small base stations/repeaters.
Innovation Solution
The design maximizes the distance between diagonal radiation elements to 1λ, incorporates conductive directors to guide radiation beams, and includes a central radiation module to generate X polarization, optimizing the reflective plate size and arrangement for improved beam width and side lobe performance.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Shape
If the distance between radiation modules is increased to achieve a narrower beam width, then the beam width becomes narrower, but the antenna size increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies nesting by placing multiple radiation modules (first and second radiation modules, each containing multiple dipoles) within a compact reflective plate structure. The modules are arranged in a nested configuration where they share the same reflective plate surface, allowing the antenna to achieve narrow beam width through optimized spatial arrangement rather than increasing overall antenna size. The dipoles within each module are also nested closely together.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent transitions from a single-plane dipole arrangement to a three-dimensional configuration by stacking multiple radiation modules at different positions on the reflective plate. The first radiation module is positioned at a first position and the second radiation module at a second position, creating vertical and horizontal separation that narrows the beam width without proportionally increasing the antenna's footprint area.
2Area of stationary object
If the antenna size is reduced for small-scale base stations, then the antenna becomes more compact, but the beam width control and side lobe characteristics deteriorate
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies local quality by optimizing the specific arrangement and spacing of dipoles within each radiation module. The first radiation module contains dipoles arranged in a specific pattern (e.g., tetragonal or rhombic), and the second radiation module has a different dipole arrangement. Each module's local dipole configuration is optimized to contribute to the overall narrow beam width and controlled side lobe characteristics, allowing compact size without performance degradation.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent employs asymmetric arrangements of radiation modules and dipoles to achieve superior beam control in compact form. The first and second radiation modules are positioned asymmetrically on the reflective plate, and the dipoles within each module have asymmetric spacing patterns. This asymmetric configuration allows the antenna to achieve narrow beam width and controlled side lobes without requiring a larger symmetric structure.
3Shape
If four radiation modules are arranged in a rectangular structure to achieve narrow beam width, then the beam width narrows, but the device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies universality by designing radiation modules that can serve multiple functions. Each radiation module contains multiple dipoles that can operate together to form the main radiation elements, while also allowing selective activation or deactivation of individual dipoles for beam forming and side lobe control. The reflective plate serves both as a support structure and as a reflective surface that shapes the radiation pattern, reducing the need for additional separate components.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The solution enables a narrower beam width with improved gain and side lobe characteristics, achieving a smaller antenna size suitable for small-scale or ultra-small base stations/repeaters while maintaining effective radiation performance.
Implementation Method 1
four radiation elements which are located in a diagonal direction are paired, and each of the radiation element pairs are used to transmit (or receive) one corresponding linear polarization of the two orthogonal linear polarizations... installed on one reflective plate
Implementation Method 2
radiation elements, for example, in the form of four dipoles are appropriately arranged on at least one reflective plate... each of the radiation element pairs are used to transmit (or receive) one corresponding linear polarization
Data Source
Figure 1
Figure 2A~2B
Figure 3A~3B
AI summary
In the present invention, a radio communication antenna having a narrow beam width comprises: a reflecting plate provided in the form of a plate of rectangular shape; and one radiating module disposed on the reflecting plate and generating x-polarized waves. Here: the radiating module comprises four radiating elements of dipole structure; the four radiating elements are respectively disposed at four edge portions of the reflecting plate, and each comprises two radiating arms placed in the direction extending along both sides relative to the edges; and, among the four radiating elements, those radiating elements that face each other diagonally are linked in movement so as to generate one of the x-polarized waves.