Narrow Pulse Generation Circuit for High-SNR Sequential Sampling
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current high-speed data acquisition systems for ground-penetrating radar signals are expensive, large, and complex, with a trade-off between sampling rate and accuracy, limiting their feasibility and accessibility, especially in domestic technology.
Innovation Solution
A narrow pulse generation circuit comprising a crystal oscillator, edge sharpening circuit, avalanche transistor single-tube amplifying circuit, and RC shaping network, which are connected in sequence to generate a narrow pulse signal with adjustable amplitude and width, facilitating efficient radar signal acquisition.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If real-time sampling is used to acquire GPR signals, then sampling accuracy is improved, but sampling rate must be increased to 2 GHz or higher which increases cost and complexity
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies preliminary action by pre-generating narrow pulses with widths of 0.5-2 ns before the sampling process. This pre-prepared pulse signal serves as the excitation source for GPR signal acquisition, allowing the system to achieve high sampling accuracy without requiring high-speed ADC chips with sampling rates above 2 GHz. The pulse generation circuit is configured in advance with specific component parameters to produce the required narrow pulse characteristics.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent replaces expensive high-speed ADC chips (costing hundreds of dollars) with a cost-effective pulse generation circuit consisting of standard electronic components. By using readily available components like capacitors, resistors, and transistors to generate narrow pulses, the system achieves high sampling accuracy without the high cost and complexity of commercial high-speed sampling devices.
2Speed
If high-speed ADC chip with sampling rate greater than 2 GHz is used, then sampling rate is improved, but cost increases to several hundred dollars
Solution Approach 1:
The patent substitutes expensive high-speed ADC chips with a pulse generation circuit using standard, low-cost electronic components. The circuit employs common capacitors (C1-C4), resistors (R1-R4), and transistors that can be easily sourced and manufactured, reducing the system cost from hundreds of dollars to a fraction of that while achieving equivalent or superior performance.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent achieves high sampling rates by changing the temporal parameters of the excitation pulse rather than increasing ADC speed. By generating pulses with widths of 0.5-2 ns through careful selection of RC time constants in the circuit, the system effectively increases the sampling rate capability without requiring high-speed conversion hardware.
3Speed
If multi-AD parallel sampling technique is used, then sampling rate is improved, but control and signal processing algorithms become complicated
Solution Approach 1:
The patent extracts the complexity from the sampling system by removing the need for multi-AD parallel sampling and complex control circuits. Instead, it uses a single, simple pulse generation circuit that directly produces narrow pulses, eliminating the complicated control and signal recombination algorithms required by parallel sampling techniques.
4Speed
If high sampling rate is achieved, then sampling speed is improved, but sampling accuracy decreases due to trade-off in A/D development
Solution Approach 1:
The patent resolves the sampling rate-accuracy trade-off by performing preliminary action: generating precisely shaped narrow pulses before sampling. The pulse width is predetermined by the RC circuit parameters (0.5-2 ns), which sets the effective sampling window. This pre-configured pulse shape ensures high accuracy regardless of the ADC sampling rate, as the measurement is determined by the pulse characteristics rather than the converter speed.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The solution provides a simple, high-efficiency narrow pulse circuit that enhances the signal-to-noise ratio and simplifies the acquisition and processing of radar signals, addressing the limitations of existing systems with a cost-effective and feasible design.
Implementation Method 1
a crystal oscillator, an edge sharpening circuit
Implementation Method 2
an edge sharpening circuit... a step recovery diode SRD
Implementation Method 3
an avalanche transistor single-tube amplifying circuit... carrying out avalanche amplification
Implementation Method 4
an RC shaping network... shaping the Gaussian pulse signal to adjust the pulse width
Data Source
AI summary
A narrow pulse generation circuit used in a sequential equivalent sampling system. The circuit comprises a crystal oscillator, an edge sharpening circuit, an avalanche transistor single-tube amplifying circuit and a shaping network connected in sequence, wherein the edge sharpening circuit is used for carrying out edge sharpening on a square wave signal generated by the crystal oscillator; the avalanche transistor single-tube amplifying circuit is used for carrying out avalanche amplification on the sharpened square wave signal to generate a Gaussian pulse signal to adjust the amplitude of a pulse; and the RC shaping network is used for shaping the Gaussian pulse signal to adjust the pulse width at the bottom of the pulse to form a narrow pulse signal. The narrow pulse circuit has a simple structure and narrow pulse width at the bottom and facilitates increasing a signal-to-noise ratio of a whole sequential sampling system.