Nasal Respiratory Apparatus for Oral Access and Pressurized Ventilation
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing anesthesia methods using full-face masks and nasal cannulas face issues such as respiratory compromise during intubation, loss of seal due to mask tilt or facial hair, and inadequate pressurization leading to nasal pharynx blockage, which are not addressed by current nasal ventilation masks.
Innovation Solution
A nasal respiratory apparatus with a gas connection port, nasal conduits, and end tidal sampling ports that provide pressurized oxygenation, ventilation, and secure sealing via the nares, allowing for oral and eye access, and includes an isolation wall to separate supplied gas from sampled nasal gas.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If a full-face mask is used for anesthesia and ventilation, then pressurization and ventilation are supported, but the mask must be removed for oral access resulting in apenic period and respiratory compromise
Solution Approach 1:
The device segments the respiratory support function by using a nasal reservoir that can remain in place while allowing separate oral access. The nasal portion provides continuous pressurized ventilation through the nares, while the oral cavity remains accessible for intubation procedures without removing the entire mask.
Solution Approach 2:
The nasal reservoir acts as an intermediary device that provides the necessary pressurization and ventilation support while being less intrusive than a full-face mask. It mediates between the need for secure ventilation and the need for oral access by focusing the sealing function solely on the nasal passages.
2Reliability
If a nasal ventilation mask is used to provide pressurization, then nasal pharynx blockage is overcome, but the mask obstructs the region near the eyes and loses seal easily
Solution Approach 1:
The invention extracts only the essential nasal sealing function from the full-face mask design. By using a nasal reservoir that seals only at the nares and nasal vestibule, it removes the unnecessary obstruction near the eyes and reduces the sealing surface to the most stable anatomical region, thereby improving seal stability.
Solution Approach 2:
The device applies local quality by concentrating the sealing function specifically at the nasal passages where the anatomy provides a stable seal, rather than distributing the seal across the entire face. This localized approach ensures reliable pressurization while avoiding obstruction of other facial regions.
3Ease of operation
If a nasal cannula is used for oxygenation, then oral and eye access are maintained, but pressurization is not provided resulting in respiratory compromise
Solution Approach 1:
The invention merges the advantages of both nasal cannula and full-face mask by combining the unobtrusive, access-friendly design of the cannula with the pressurization capability of the mask. The nasal reservoir provides pressurized oxygenation while maintaining the compact form factor that allows oral and eye access.
Solution Approach 2:
The nasal respiratory apparatus serves multiple functions: it provides pressurized oxygenation like a mask, maintains access like a cannula, and enables end-tidal CO2 sampling. This multi-functionality makes it a universal solution that addresses the limitations of both previous approaches.
Data Source
AI summary
A nasal respiratory apparatus with end tidal sampling according to various implementations is intended to support providing oxygen, ventilation, and end tidal CO2 sampling of the patient oxygenation during pre-operation, undergoing anesthesia intra-operation, and post-operation during recovery. Additional features of the device include an oral shield/scoop that allows for sampling of orally ventilated end tidal CO2 and a bite block that allows for oral end tidal CO2 sampling and opens the patient's mouth, allowing for use of an endotracheal tube, head straps, and nares ports.