NCC-CSOS Carrier for pH-Responsive Drug Delivery
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current delivery systems face challenges with chitosan's high viscosity, large aggregation, low solubility at physiological pH, and limited applications due to these properties, particularly in vivo, where controlled and safe delivery of active compounds is needed.
Innovation Solution
Surface modification of nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) with chitosan oligosaccharides (CSOS) through oxidation of primary hydroxyl groups to create covalently bonded NCC-CSOS, which acts as a carrier for active compounds, enhancing stability and biological properties like mucoadhesion and antibacterial activity.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If chitosan is used as a delivery system, then biological properties like mucoadhesion and antibacterial activity are enhanced, but high viscosity, large aggregation formation, and low solubility at physiological pH occur
Solution Approach 1:
The patent segments chitosan into oligosaccharide units (CSOS) with controlled molecular weight and degree of polymerization. This segmentation reduces the molecular size and aggregation tendency while preserving the biologically active functional groups that provide mucoadhesion and antibacterial properties, thereby resolving the contradiction between biological activity and solubility.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent creates a composite system by covalently bonding chitosan oligosaccharides to nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) surfaces. This composite approach combines the beneficial biological properties of chitosan with the high surface area, mechanical strength, and controlled release characteristics of NCC, while the covalent bonding prevents aggregation and improves solubility at physiological pH.
2Reliability
If chitosan is used for drug delivery, then mucoadhesion and permeability enhancement are achieved, but high molecular weight and large aggregation formation occur
Solution Approach 1:
The patent divides chitosan into low molecular weight oligosaccharide units with controlled degree of polymerization. This segmentation maintains the essential amino groups for mucoadhesion and permeability enhancement while significantly reducing molecular weight and preventing large aggregation formation, allowing effective delivery without the drawbacks of high molecular weight chitosan.
3Strength
If nanocrystalline cellulose is used as a carrier, then high surface area and mechanical strength are achieved, but lack of biological properties for controlled release occurs
Solution Approach 1:
The patent merges nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) with chitosan oligosaccharides through covalent bonding to create a hybrid carrier system. This combination integrates the high surface area, mechanical strength, and structural stability of NCC with the biological properties, mucoadhesion, and controlled release characteristics of chitosan oligosaccharides, achieving both structural integrity and biological functionality simultaneously.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
NCC-CSOS provides a stable and controlled release of active compounds, addressing solubility issues and enhancing biological properties, allowing for effective delivery of pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and agricultural agents with pH-responsive characteristics.
Implementation Method 1
oxidizing primary hydroxyl groups of said NCC to provide oxidized functional groups
Data Source
AI summary
The present disclosure relates to surface modified nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) prepared by chemical modification of NCC as well as its use thereof, including as carrier of particular chemical compounds. The surface of nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) was modified with chitosan oligosaccharide (CSOS) by selectively oxidizing the primary alcohol moieties of NCC followed by coupling of the amino groups of CSOS to the oxidized NCC to provide the desired material (NCC-CSOS).