NdFeB Magnet Manufacturing via TmGn Additive and Inert Atmosphere

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Solution Overview

Problem

The existing methods for manufacturing NdFeB rare earth permanent magnetic materials are inefficient in terms of rare earth resource utilization, leading to high oxygen content, performance degradation, and challenges in mass production due to the oxidation of fine powders and inconsistent product quality.

Innovation Solution

A method involving the use of R—Fe—Co—B-M strip casting alloy, micro-crystal HR—Fe alloy fiber, and TmGn compound micro-powder, where the TmGn compound micro-powder is added to inhibit grain growth and improve anti-oxidation, combined with vacuum strip casting, hydrogen decrepitation, jet milling, and sintering processes to enhance magnetic performance and coercivity while reducing rare earth element usage.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Loss of substance

If conventional manufacturing methods are used to produce NdFeB magnets, then production volume can be maintained, but rare earth resource utilization is inefficient and oxygen content is high

Engineering Contradiction:
Improverare earth resource utilizationVSAvoidoxygen content
Core Design Contradiction:
Loss of substanceVSQuantity of substance

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements inert atmosphere protection throughout the manufacturing process, including vacuum sealing during strip casting, argon atmosphere during hydrogen decrepitation, and controlled atmosphere during sintering. This prevents oxidation of the rare earth elements and fine powders, thereby reducing oxygen content in the final product while improving rare earth resource utilization efficiency.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #39Inert atmosphere (Inert environment)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent performs preliminary protective measures before oxidation can occur: vacuum sealing of alloy strips before powdering, pre-establishment of inert atmosphere in processing chambers, and pre-coating of fine powders with protective layers. These preliminary actions prevent oxidation throughout the manufacturing chain, reducing oxygen content while maintaining high rare earth utilization.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

2Productivity

If fine powders are processed without protection, then manufacturing efficiency is maintained, but oxidation occurs leading to performance degradation

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemanufacturing efficiencyVSAvoidproduct performance consistency
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent establishes continuous inert atmosphere protection throughout the entire manufacturing process from strip casting through powdering to sintering. The vacuum sealing, argon atmosphere, and controlled environment processing create an unbroken protective sequence that prevents oxidation while maintaining manufacturing efficiency and product performance consistency.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #20Continuity of useful action

Solution Approach 2:

The patent uses inert gases (vacuum, argon) as intermediary protective environments between the fine powders and oxygen. These intermediaries allow efficient processing to continue while physically preventing oxidation, thereby maintaining both manufacturing efficiency and product reliability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

3Reliability

If heavy rare earth elements are used extensively, then magnetic performance can be improved, but resource consumption and cost increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemagnetic performanceVSAvoidheavy rare earth element consumption
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSLoss of substance

Solution Approach 1:

The patent optimizes the composition parameters of the alloy, controlling the precise content of heavy rare earth elements (Dy, Tb, Ho) within specific ranges (0.1-5.0 wt% Dy, 0.1-3.0 wt% Tb, 0.1-2.0 wt% Ho). This parameter optimization achieves high magnetic performance while minimizing heavy rare earth consumption through efficient utilization.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The patent creates a composite grain boundary phase containing multiple elements (Dy, Tb, Ho, Er, Y) combined with oxides and intermetallic compounds. This composite structure enhances magnetic performance through synergistic effects while reducing the total amount of heavy rare earth elements needed compared to using single elements in high concentrations.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This method significantly improves the magnetic energy product, coercivity, and anti-corrosion properties of NdFeB magnets, making them suitable for mass production with reduced heavy rare earth element consumption and expanded application in electronic components and energy-related fields.

Implementation Method 1

melting an R—Fe—Co—B-M raw material under vacuum or argon protection with induction heating for forming an alloy

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectInduction heating: Electromagnetic Induction

Implementation Method 2

sending the alloy flakes and the alloy fiber into a vacuum hydrogen decrepitation device, evacuating before injecting hydrogen for hydrogen absorption

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectHydrogen absorption: Absorption (physical)

Implementation Method 3

heating after hydrogen absorption and evacuating for dehydrogenating

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectDehydrogenation: Heating

Implementation Method 4

powdering with jet milling

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectJet erosion: Jet Erosion

Implementation Method 5

sending the alloy powder into a nitrogen protection sealed magnetic field pressing machine for pressing

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectMagnetic field orientation: Magnetic Field

Implementation Method 6

returning the magnetic blank to a powder feeder, opening the mould and obtaining a magnetic block; wrapping the magnetic block with a plastic or rubber bag under the nitrogen protection

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectIsostatic pressing: Pressure Increase

Implementation Method 7

sending into a vacuum sintering furnace for sintering

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectSintering: Sintering

Implementation Method 8

after sintering, firstly ageing at 800-950° C. and secondly ageing at 450-650° C.

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectAgeing: Heat Treatment

Data Source

PatentUS9920406B2Method for manufacturing high-performance NdFeB rare earth permanent magnetic device
Publication Date: 2018.03.20 SHENYANG GENERAL MAGNETIC

AI summary

A method for manufacturing a high-performance NdFeB rare earth permanent magnetic device which is made of an R—Fe—Co—B-M strip casting alloy, a micro-crystal HR—Fe alloy fiber, and TmGn compound micro-powder, includes steps of: manufacturing the R—Fe—Co—B-M strip casting alloy, manufacturing the micro-crystal HR—Fe alloy fiber, providing hydrogen decrepitating, pre-mixing, powdering with jet milling, post-mixing, providing magnetic field pressing, sintering and ageing, wherein after a sintered NdFeB permanent magnet is manufactured, machining and surface-treating the sintered NdFeB permanent magnet for forming a rare earth permanent device.