Nebulizer Mist Smoothing for Additive-Manufactured Object Surfaces

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Solution Overview

Problem

Additive manufacturing processes, such as FDM or FFF, result in objects with rough surfaces that are aesthetically unappealing and difficult to finish, and have stress concentrators that reduce mechanical properties, requiring labor-intensive and potentially hazardous methods to smooth.

Innovation Solution

An apparatus and method using a nebulizer assembly to generate a mist from a liquid, which surrounds the object to smooth the surface without heating, using thermoplastic polymers and solvents like alcohols, with a vibrating element and mesh to create micro droplets for uniform smoothing.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Manufacturing precision

If sanding or abrasive techniques are used to smooth the surface, then surface roughness is reduced, but the process becomes labor-intensive and potentially hazardous

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesurface roughnessVSAvoidlabor intensity and safety
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces mechanical sanding and abrasive techniques with a chemical vapor smoothing process. A solvent reservoir releases vapor that chemically interacts with the thermoplastic surface to smooth it, eliminating the need for manual sanding operations and their associated labor intensiveness and safety hazards.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent changes the state of the solvent from liquid to vapor phase to achieve surface smoothing. By controlling the temperature and concentration of the solvent vapor, the process achieves effective surface smoothing without requiring direct mechanical contact or abrasive materials.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Manufacturing precision

If heating is used to smooth the surface, then surface smoothness is improved, but the object may deform

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesurface smoothnessVSAvoidobject deformation
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSShape

Solution Approach 1:

The patent substitutes thermal heating with chemical vapor interaction. Instead of applying heat that could cause warping or deformation, the solvent vapor chemically interacts with the thermoplastic surface at or near room temperature, achieving smoothing without compromising the object's dimensional stability or shape.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

3Manufacturing precision

If vapor smoothing is used to reduce surface roughness, then surface quality is improved, but liquid consumption increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesurface qualityVSAvoidliquid consumption
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSLoss of substance

Solution Approach 1:

The patent utilizes the phase transition of the solvent from liquid to vapor. The solvent is heated to generate vapor that rises and contacts the object surface, providing smoothing action. After the process, the vapor condenses back to liquid and is collected and reused, minimizing overall consumption.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #36Phase transitions

Solution Approach 2:

The patent implements a vapor recovery system where solvent vapor that does not contact the object or excess vapor is condensed back to liquid form and returned to the reservoir. This recycling approach significantly reduces the amount of solvent that would otherwise be wasted.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #34Discarding and recovering

4Manufacturing precision

If traditional smoothing methods are used, then surface roughness is reduced, but processing time is excessive

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesurface roughnessVSAvoidprocessing time
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The patent employs continuous vapor generation and circulation throughout the processing chamber, ensuring that the object surface is constantly exposed to smoothing vapor. This continuous action achieves effective surface smoothing in 10-60 minutes, compared to much longer times required for manual sanding or multiple abrasive passes.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #20Continuity of useful action

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The method achieves a smooth and shiny surface without deforming the object, reducing roughness in 10-60 minutes, allowing multiple objects to be processed simultaneously with minimal liquid consumption and no health risks, maintaining the object's shape and form.

Implementation Method 1

A nebulizer assembly vibrates a liquid against a mesh to generate a mist that smoothly surrounds an object placed in the chamber.

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectVibration: Vibration

Implementation Method 2

generate a mist by a nebulizer assembly from a liquid held in a reservoir into the chamber

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectAerosol formation: Aerosol

Implementation Method 3

The wick may be made of a material that does not substantially dissolve in or react with the liquid

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectCapillary action: Capillary Action

Implementation Method 4

Many of the materials used in FDM ® printing are soluble or partially soluble in various liquids, including alcohols, ethers, esters, and ketones

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectDissolution: Solvation

Implementation Method 5

The mist may include micro droplets whose diameters range from 5 μm to 100 μm

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectDeposition: Deposition (physical)

Data Source

PatentEP3459720B1Apparatuses for processing additive manufactured objects
Publication Date: 2025.09.17 JF POLYMERS (SUZHOU) CO LTD
  • EP3459720B1 patent drawingFigure 1A~1D
  • EP3459720B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3459720B1 patent drawingFigure 3A~3B

AI summary

Embodiments of the disclosure are directed to an apparatus (200) for smoothing a surface of an object (100). The apparatus (200) includes a chamber (210), a reservoir (216, 324) configured to hold a liquid (322), and a nebulizer assembly (212) configured to generate a mist (104) from the liquid (322) into the chamber (210). The nebulizer assembly (212) includes a mesh (732), a vibrating element (731), and a wick (736). The object (100) is received in the chamber (210) and the mist (104) is configured to surround the object (100).