Negative-Pressure Specimen Collection Valve for Precise Fluid Sampling
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current methods for collecting liquid specimens, such as aqueous humor and vitreous humor, are invasive, require high surgical skill, are poorly controllable, and often result in excessive extraction, loss of specimen, and increased workload due to manual operation and transfer processes.
Innovation Solution
A collection device with a valve system comprising a reservoir under negative pressure, a delivery tube with a controllable valve, and a piercing component, allowing for automatic and minimally invasive collection of liquid specimens.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Ease of operation
If manual extraction method (paracentesis) is used to collect liquid specimens, then the specimen can be obtained, but the surgical skill requirement is high and the operation is poorly controllable leading to excessive extraction
Solution Approach 1:
The collection device enables self-regulated specimen collection through the negative pressure reservoir that automatically draws fluid through the piercing component without requiring manual suction control by the surgeon
Solution Approach 2:
The device changes the pressure parameter by maintaining negative pressure in the reservoir, which controls the flow rate and total volume of specimen collection automatically based on pressure differential rather than manual force
2Ease of operation
If syringe is used as collection device, then specimen collection is possible, but the surgeon must operate with both hands simultaneously which reduces controllability and increases complexity
Solution Approach 1:
The device merges the piercing function and collection function into a single integrated unit where the piercing component connects directly to the delivery tube and reservoir, eliminating the need for separate syringe manipulation
Solution Approach 2:
The collection reservoir is extracted as a separate detachable component from the piercing mechanism, allowing the surgeon to perform piercing with one hand while the collection occurs automatically in the detached reservoir
3Productivity
If multiple procedures are used to transfer specimen from operating table to reservoir, then specimen storage is achieved, but the doctor's workload increases
Solution Approach 1:
The device merges the collection and storage functions into a single integrated reservoir system that collects specimen directly during surgery and maintains storage capability, eliminating separate transfer procedures
Solution Approach 2:
The reservoir is prepared with negative pressure before surgery, and the collection pathway is pre-established through the delivery tube and piercing component, so specimen collection and initial storage occur simultaneously during the surgical procedure
4Quantity of substance
If needle portion is used to hold specimen, then collection is simple, but great loss is caused since specimen is stored in the needle portion
Solution Approach 1:
The device transitions from storing specimen in a narrow one-dimensional needle space to a larger three-dimensional reservoir volume, dramatically increasing the available storage capacity and reducing the proportion of specimen lost in the delivery pathway
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Enables safe, reliable, and efficient collection of liquid specimens with precise control over the collection process, minimizing surgical complications and facilitating direct subsequent testing.
Implementation Method 1
a reservoir having a sealed cavity, the sealed cavity being under negative pressure
Implementation Method 2
a valve disposed between the delivery inlet and the delivery outlet, the valve being configured to control the communication and blocking between the delivery inlet and the delivery outlet
Data Source
AI summary
Collection devices with valves for liquid specimens are disclosed. In an embodiment, the disclosure provides a collection device including a reservoir having a sealed cavity, the sealed cavity being under a negative pressure; a delivery tube in communication with the sealed cavity of the reservoir and having a delivery inlet, a delivery outlet, and a valve disposed between the delivery inlet and the delivery outlet, the valve being configured to control the communication and blocking between the delivery inlet and the delivery outlet, and an angle being formed by an extension line of the delivery inlet an extension line of the delivery outlet; and a piercing component for piercing a tissue is connected with the delivery inlet of the delivery tube.