Neoantigen Peptide Design for Immunotherapy
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current cancer immunotherapy methods are limited by low immunogenicity of conventional cancer antigens, leading to inadequate clinical effects, as they fail to efficiently induce antigen-specific T cells with high avidity, and sufficient analysis of peptide sequences for targeted therapy has not been conducted.
Innovation Solution
A method is developed to analyze epitopes based on genome and mRNA information, along with MHC type, to design peptides for immunotherapy, involving steps such as inputting mutation-specific information into an analyzer, analyzing epitopes, and producing peptides for treating, monitoring, or diagnosing diseases, using tools like exome reads, RNA sequencing, and MHC typing.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If conventional cancer antigens are used for immunotherapy, then the therapy can be administered, but the immunogenicity is low and clinical effects are inadequate
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the parameter of antigen selection from conventional cancer antigens to neoantigens derived from somatic mutations. By identifying and using mutant peptides that are newly formed due to somatic mutations in cancer cells, the immunogenicity is significantly improved while achieving better clinical effects through enhanced T cell activation
Solution Approach 2:
The patent extracts the immunogenic component from conventional cancer antigens by isolating and focusing on neoantigens that are specifically generated through somatic mutations. This extraction process involves identifying mutant peptides through sequencing and selecting those with high immunogenicity potential, thereby removing the limitation of low immunogenicity associated with conventional antigens
2Reliability
If conventional cancer antigens are used, then therapy can be implemented, but they fail to efficiently induce antigen-specific T cells with high avidity
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the antigen parameter from conventional antigens to neoantigens derived from somatic mutations. This parameter change enables efficient induction of antigen-specific T cells with high avidity because neoantigens are uniquely recognized by the immune system, avoiding tolerance issues and enhancing T cell activation strength
Solution Approach 2:
The patent creates synthetic peptide copies of neoantigens based on identified somatic mutations. These synthetic peptides serve as precise copies of the mutant antigens, enabling standardized and controlled immunotherapy that efficiently induces high-avidity T cells with consistent and measurable immune responses
3Measurement precision
If comprehensive epitope analysis is performed using genome and mRNA information, then peptide identification precision is improved, but the analysis complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent segments the comprehensive analysis into distinct functional modules: (1) somatic mutation identification through genome sequencing, (2) neoantigen prediction based on mutation data, (3) epitope analysis considering MHC types, and (4) peptide synthesis. This segmentation reduces overall complexity by making each step manageable and independently optimizable while maintaining high precision
Solution Approach 2:
The patent performs preliminary actions by pre-establishing databases of somatic mutations, MHC types, and epitope prediction algorithms before actual therapy implementation. These pre-computed resources enable rapid and precise peptide identification during treatment without requiring complex real-time analysis, thereby reducing operational complexity while maintaining high precision
Data Source
AI summary
The present invention provides a method for producing a peptide for the treatment (in particular, immunotherapy), monitoring, or diagnosis of a disease in a subject. This method is achieved by obtaining information pertaining to a genome read, for example an exome read, of the subject and a mutation thereof, and, as necessary, information regarding the RNA sequence of the subject and information regarding the MHC type of the subject, analyzing an epitope related to the mutation on the basis of the information pertaining to the genome read (for example, the exome read) and the mutation, arbitrary information from the RNA sequence, the MHC type information, and information regarding the disease, and producing a peptide, as necessary, on the basis of information regarding the epitope.