Neoepitope Viral Vector Delivery for Cancer Immunotherapy
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current methods for diagnosing and treating cancer are hindered by the diversity of mutated proteins across different cancer types and patients, leading to ineffective immune responses, as existing tumor antigens fail to elicit a strong therapeutic effect.
Innovation Solution
A neoepitope-based cancer immunotherapy approach using omics analysis to identify patient-specific cancer neoepitopes, confirming HLA-type matches, and delivering these neoepitopes via a non-immunogenic viral vector, along with co-stimulatory molecules and immune checkpoint inhibitors to enhance immune response.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If existing tumor antigens are used in immunotherapy, then the treatment approach is conceptually straightforward, but the immune response is insufficient to elicit a therapeutic effect
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the parameters of the antigen by using neoepitopes (mutated peptides) instead of existing tumor antigens, and modifies the delivery system by incorporating co-stimulatory molecules (CD80, CD86) and checkpoint inhibitors (anti-PD-1, anti-CTLA-4) to enhance immune response strength and achieve therapeutic effect
Solution Approach 2:
The invention creates a composite immunotherapy approach by combining multiple elements: neoepitope peptides, co-stimulatory molecules (CD80/CD86), and immune checkpoint inhibitors (anti-PD-1/anti-CTLA-4) into a unified treatment system that works synergistically to overcome immune suppression and elicit strong anti-tumor immunity
2Ease of operation
If a single cancer vaccine antigen is used, then the treatment is simple to administer, but it fails to account for the diversity of mutated proteins across different patients
Solution Approach 1:
The patent segments the immunotherapy approach by identifying and targeting multiple patient-specific neoepitopes rather than using a single universal antigen. Each patient receives a customized vaccine containing their unique mutated peptides, making the treatment adaptable to individual cancer genomics while maintaining a standardized delivery platform
Solution Approach 2:
The invention performs preliminary genomic sequencing and neoepitope identification for each patient before vaccine administration. This pre-characterization allows customization of the vaccine antigens to match the patient's specific mutations, ensuring adaptability while streamlining the overall treatment process through upfront molecular profiling
3Reliability
If neoepitopes are delivered without co-stimulatory molecules, then the viral vector design is simpler, but the immune response is not sufficiently robust
Solution Approach 1:
The patent merges multiple functional elements into a single viral vector construct: the neoepitope antigen, co-stimulatory molecules (CD80, CD86), and checkpoint inhibitor components are combined in one vector, simplifying delivery while achieving robust immune response through the synergistic interaction of all components
Data Source
AI summary
Cancer immunotherapy is enhanced by co-expression of cancer associated or tumor-specific (neo)epitopes with co-stimulatory molecules and/or other immune activators. Where desired, treatment may be enhanced by administration of a immune checkpoint inhibitor.