Separated Interface Nerve Electrode for Continuous Partial Block
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing systems struggle to maintain a continuous partial nerve conduction block for an extended period of time, especially with direct current (DC) waveforms, which are preferred for their ability to provide immediate block and real-time modulation but face challenges in generating harmful reaction products and progressing to complete block.
Innovation Solution
A system and method utilizing a waveform generator and feedback device to deliver DC waveforms through electrodes, such as a separated interface nerve electrode (SINE) or charge balance polarizing current (CBPC) waveforms, with feedback mechanisms to maintain a stable partial block by monitoring physiological outputs and adjusting parameters like current level and pulse spacing.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Speed
If direct current (DC) waveforms are used to provide nerve conduction block, then immediate block and real-time modulation are achieved, but harmful reaction products are generated and complete block progresses over time
Solution Approach 1:
The patent introduces an intermediary substance (electrolyte gel or conductive fluid) between the electrode and nerve tissue. This intermediary layer mediates the electrical current delivery, reducing direct contact between the electrode and tissue while maintaining effective current transmission for nerve block, thereby minimizing harmful electrochemical reactions at the interface
2Adaptability or versatility
If direct current (DC) waveforms are applied continuously, then real-time modulation is possible, but the system cannot maintain stable partial block for extended periods
Solution Approach 1:
The patent implements periodic action by cycling through different electrode configurations or waveform patterns. The system alternates between active blocking phases and recovery phases, or switches between multiple electrodes in a sequence, preventing adaptation to a single continuous stimulus while maintaining the ability to modulate in real time through controlled periodic variation
Solution Approach 2:
The system dynamically adjusts parameters such as current amplitude, pulse width, or electrode activation patterns based on real-time feedback about nerve block stability and physiological response. This dynamic adaptation allows the system to maintain optimal partial block conditions over extended periods while preserving real-time modulation capability
3Reliability
If higher current levels are applied to maintain partial block, then block stability is improved, but muscle tone is compromised and side effects increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies local quality by selectively activating specific electrode regions or using electrodes with different current densities in different locations. The system concentrates the blocking current in specific zones where it is most needed for block stability, while distributing or reducing current in adjacent areas to preserve muscle tone and minimize side effects
Solution Approach 2:
The system changes parameters such as current amplitude, frequency, or waveform shape to optimize the balance between block stability and preservation of muscle tone. By dynamically adjusting these parameters based on feedback, the system maintains sufficient block effect while keeping current levels below thresholds that cause muscle tone loss or other side effects
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Enables a continuous partial nerve conduction block for an extended period, providing effective treatment for neurological disorders like chronic pain and spasticity while minimizing side effects and maintaining muscle tone, with the ability to modulate dosage in real time.
Implementation Method 1
The application of an electrical field to a nerve has been shown to produce an electrical block of action potential conduction
Implementation Method 2
direct current (DC) can be used to generate either a depolarization or hyperpolarization depending on the polarity of the signal
Implementation Method 3
A separated interface nerve electrode (SINE) uses ionic coupling, which separates the electron flow and the ionic flow. Because the reactants of the electrochemical reaction are separated from the nerve interface, the damaging electrochemical reaction products are separated from the nerve interface
Implementation Method 4
A feedback device to provide feedback to the waveform generator related to the partial block. The feedback is based on a monitored property associated with the partial block and an altered parameter associated with the one or more direct current waveforms
Data Source
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AI summary
Systems and methods that deliver a continuous partial nerve conduction block are described. A waveform generator can configure one or more direct current (DC) waveforms to provide a continuous partial nerve conduction block. One or more electrodes can deliver the one or more DC waveforms to provide the partial block to the neural structure. Feedback can be provided to the waveform generator related to the partial block. The feedback includes monitoring a property associated with the partial block and altering a parameter associated with the one or more direct current waveforms in response to the property associated with the partial block.