Nested Antenna Radiators for Impedance Matching and Bandwidth
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current micro-sized antennas face challenges in improving efficiency, impedance matching, radiation patterns, and bandwidth, particularly in limited spaces within micro-sized mobile communication products.
Innovation Solution
An antenna structure is designed with a first radiator surrounded by a second radiator, featuring predetermined gaps between their side edges to create coupling effects, which includes a positive feeding point, a negative feeding point, and a grounding element, allowing for adjustable current paths and resonance modes to enhance performance.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Volume of moving object
If the antenna size is reduced to fit micro-sized mobile communication products, then the volume is decreased, but the antenna efficiency and bandwidth are degraded
Solution Approach 1:
The patent implements a nested structure where the first radiator is positioned inside the second radiator, forming a compact concentric arrangement. This nesting allows both radiators to occupy the same spatial region, significantly reducing the overall antenna volume while maintaining the electrical length and radiation efficiency of each element through their extended paths.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent transitions from a planar two-dimensional antenna layout to a three-dimensional spatial structure by stacking radiators at different heights along the vertical axis. This dimensional change enables longer current paths and larger effective aperture within a compact footprint, improving efficiency and bandwidth without increasing the planar area.
2Volume of moving object
If the antenna size is reduced, then the volume is decreased, but the impedance matching becomes difficult to achieve
Solution Approach 1:
The patent introduces adjustable coupling gaps between the first and second radiators, allowing the coupling coefficient to be dynamically tuned. By varying the gap distances, the impedance matching can be optimized for different operating conditions and frequency bands, providing flexibility in achieving proper matching without redesigning the entire antenna structure.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent employs parameter optimization by adjusting geometric dimensions such as radiator lengths, widths, spacing distances, and coupling gap sizes. These parameter variations enable fine-tuning of the impedance characteristics to achieve optimal matching (VSWR < 2:1) across the desired frequency bands, making the design adaptable to different application requirements.
3Volume of moving object
If the antenna size is reduced, then the volume is decreased, but the radiation patterns and bandwidth are degraded
Solution Approach 1:
The patent combines multiple radiating elements (first radiator and second radiator) into a single integrated antenna structure. The coupled resonance between these elements creates multiple resonant frequencies, effectively broadening the operational bandwidth. The merging of elements also allows for complementary radiation patterns that maintain performance across different frequency ranges.
Solution Approach 2:
The nested arrangement of radiators at different spatial levels creates multiple effective aperture areas that operate simultaneously. This configuration enables the antenna to support wideband operation by utilizing both elements across their respective resonant frequencies, achieving enhanced bandwidth coverage within a compact volume.
4Volume of moving object
If a compact antenna design is used, then the volume is decreased, but the current path length is limited
Solution Approach 1:
The patent extends the current path by utilizing the vertical dimension, stacking radiators at different heights. This allows each radiator to achieve a longer effective current path length for its operating frequency while maintaining a compact planar footprint. The three-dimensional arrangement enables electrical lengths sufficient for resonance without requiring large planar dimensions.
Solution Approach 2:
The nested configuration allows both radiators to share the same spatial envelope, with each element providing its own extended current path. The inner radiator contributes to higher frequency operations while the outer radiator supports lower frequency operations, effectively multiplying the useful current path length within the limited volume.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This design achieves improved impedance matching and multi-band capabilities, allowing for increased bandwidth and efficient radiation patterns, addressing the limitations of existing micro-sized antennas.
Implementation Method 1
there are a plurality of predetermined gaps existed in between the plurality of first side edges of the first radiator and the plurality of second side edges of the second radiator to form coupling effects
Data Source
AI summary
An antenna structure includes a positive feeding point, a negative feeding point, a radiation element, and a grounding element. The radiation element includes a first radiator and a second radiator. The first radiator has a first end coupled to the positive feeding point, and has a plurality of first side edges. The second radiator has a first end coupled to the negative feeding point, and has a plurality of second side edges. Herein the second radiator at least partially surrounds the first radiator, such that there are a plurality of predetermined gaps existed in between the plurality of first side edges of the first radiator and the plurality of second side edges of the second radiator to form coupling effects. The grounding element is coupled to the second radiator.