Nested Array Antenna Layout for Tx/Rx Path Separation
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing array antennas face complexity in separating transmit and receive frequency bands due to complex feeding network designs, which complicates the suppression requirements on filters or combiners, especially when frequency bands are closely spaced.
Innovation Solution
The design separates transmit and receive paths using a simplified feeding network without increasing antenna size, employing radiating elements that are physically isolated and support different frequency bands, with a configuration that includes a first radiating element enclosing a second radiating element and optionally a third radiating element, each supporting specific frequency bands.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If independent antennas are used for each frequency band with specific spacing, then suppression requirements on filter or combiner are reduced, but device complexity increases due to complex feeding network design
Solution Approach 1:
The antenna system is segmented into multiple independent radiating elements, each dedicated to specific frequency bands. The first radiating element handles transmit bands while the second handles receive bands, physically separating the frequency band processing paths and eliminating the need for complex filtering or combining networks.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent extracts the frequency separation function from complex filters or combiners and implements it directly through spatial arrangement and physical isolation of radiating elements. By taking out the need for suppression components and replacing them with geometric separation, the feeding network design is simplified.
2Reliability
If transmit and receive paths are separated, then frequency band separation is improved, but antenna size increases
Solution Approach 1:
The second radiating element is nested inside the first radiating element, with the inner element supporting receive frequency bands and the outer element supporting transmit frequency bands. This nested configuration achieves physical separation of transmit and receive paths while maintaining a compact overall antenna structure, avoiding size increase.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent utilizes three-dimensional spatial arrangement by placing radiating elements at different positions and orientations in space. The inner and outer elements are positioned along the radial dimension, creating path separation through spatial dimension rather than increasing overall antenna volume in any single direction.
Data Source
Figure 1A~1B
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AI summary
This application provides an antenna and an array antenna. The antenna in this application includes a first radiating element and a second radiating element, where four dipoles enclose to form the first radiating element, and the second radiating element is a radiating element disposed on an inner side of the first radiating element. The first radiating element is configured to support a transmit frequency band, and the second radiating element is configured to support a receive frequency band; or the first radiating element is configured to support a receive frequency band, and the second radiating element is configured to support a transmit frequency band. In this application, a transmit path and a receive path are physically separated by using a simplified feeding network design.