Nested Heat Exchanger in Water Tank for Compact Vehicle Heating

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing heating apparatuses for vehicles and mobile structures are often bulky and inefficient, requiring a more compact and efficient design to optimize space usage while maintaining effective water heating and space heating capabilities.

Innovation Solution

A compact heating apparatus design featuring a heat exchanger with a U-shaped internal fluid path, a burner device with a fan housing and air flow detection system, and a thermostatic mixing valve, all integrated within a housing that allows for underfloor mounting and efficient insulation, reducing the overall height and enhancing heating efficiency.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Volume of moving object

If a conventional water heating apparatus is used in vehicles, then heating function is provided, but the apparatus occupies excessive space

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveapparatus volumeVSAvoidheating efficiency
Core Design Contradiction:
Volume of moving objectVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The heat exchanger is positioned inside the water tank, with the burner located within the heat exchanger structure. This nested arrangement allows multiple functional components to occupy the same spatial envelope, dramatically reducing the overall apparatus volume while maintaining all necessary heating functions

Inventive Principle:
Principle #7Nested doll (Nesting)

Solution Approach 2:

The heat exchanger utilizes the vertical dimension by extending downward into the water tank, with heat transfer surfaces positioned at multiple depths. This three-dimensional heat exchange approach maximizes heating efficiency within a compact footprint by utilizing vertical space that would otherwise be unused

Inventive Principle:
Principle #17Another dimension (Dimensionality change)

2Volume of moving object

If the heat exchanger is positioned inside the water tank, then compact design is achieved, but access for maintenance becomes difficult

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveapparatus volumeVSAvoidcomponent accessibility
Core Design Contradiction:
Volume of moving objectVSEase of repair

Solution Approach 1:

The heat exchanger is designed as a separable component that can be removed from the water tank as a complete assembly. The burner, heat exchanger, and associated piping form a modular unit that can be installed and maintained without draining the tank or disassembling the entire water heating system

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The heat exchanger assembly is designed to be extractable from the water tank through a dedicated access opening. This allows the heat exchanger to be positioned inside the tank for compactness during operation, while enabling easy removal for maintenance by extracting the entire assembly through the tank opening

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

3Loss of energy

If insulation is provided around the tank, then heat loss is reduced, but the overall apparatus size increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveheat lossVSAvoidapparatus volume
Core Design Contradiction:
Loss of energyVSVolume of stationary object

Solution Approach 1:

The heat exchanger and water tank are integrated into a single compact assembly where the heat exchanger occupies the central volume of the tank. This merging of components eliminates the need for separate insulation chambers and allows insulation to be applied only to the external tank surface, minimizing overall volume increase

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Solution Approach 2:

Insulation is applied selectively to the tank exterior surfaces where heat loss occurs, rather than providing uniform insulation around the entire apparatus. The insulation thickness and placement are optimized for thermal efficiency while minimizing the increase in overall apparatus dimensions

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The solution provides a compact, efficient heating system that optimizes space usage, allows for higher water temperatures, and reduces insulation costs, while maintaining effective heating performance, making it suitable for vehicles and mobile structures.

Implementation Method 1

A compact heating apparatus design featuring a heat exchanger with a U-shaped internal fluid path

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectHeat exchanger: Heat Exchanger

Implementation Method 2

the body is configured to define at least one substantially U-shaped internal fluid path between the mouth and the flue outlet

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectConvection: Convection

Implementation Method 3

The heat exchanger inlet and heat exchanger outlet are preferably located in a common face of the tank

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectConduction (thermal): Conduction (thermal)

Implementation Method 4

said burner device includes a body for supplying a mixture of combustible gas and air to said burner head

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectCombustion: Combustion

Implementation Method 5

said burner device includes a body for supplying a mixture of combustible gas and air to said burner head

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectForced Convection: Forced Convection

Data Source

PatentEP3180571B1Heating apparatus
Publication Date: 2022.10.26 MUNSTER SIMMS ENG
  • EP3180571B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3180571B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3180571B1 patent drawingFigure 3A~3B

AI summary

A heating apparatus comprising a tank having a tank inlet, a tank outlet, a heat exchanger inlet and heat exchanger outlet. A heat exchanger is located in the tank and comprises a hollow body having a mouth coupled to the heat exchanger inlet and a flue outlet coupled to the heat exchanger outlet. A burner device has a burner head that is located at least partly located in the mouth inside said hollow body.