Network Adapter Load Balancing With End-to-End Congestion Control

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Solution Overview

Problem

Conventional congestion control algorithms focus on managing traffic flow between endpoints without considering local load on output ports, while load balancing algorithms on switches do not control when packets arrive, leading to inefficient network utilization and potential congestion.

Innovation Solution

A combined mechanism that integrates congestion control and load balancing to optimize traffic spreading across multiple local output ports by considering both local and end-to-end load, using E2E congestion rates to determine the best time and port for packet transmission.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Productivity

If conventional congestion control algorithms are used to manage traffic flow between endpoints, then traffic flow management is achieved, but local load on output ports is not considered leading to inefficient network utilization

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvenetwork utilizationVSAvoidcongestion control mechanism
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent merges congestion control and load balancing into a unified mechanism. The network adapter integrates both functions by determining E2E congestion rates and local port states simultaneously, then using both factors together to select output ports and determine transmission timing. This combination resolves the contradiction by achieving both efficient network utilization and local load management without requiring separate complex systems.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Solution Approach 2:

The network adapter performs multiple functions: it monitors E2E congestion rates, tracks local port states, selects optimal output ports, and determines transmission timing all within a single congestion control mechanism. This multi-functional approach improves network utilization while avoiding the need for additional dedicated load balancing hardware or software layers.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

2Productivity

If load balancing algorithms on switches are used to spread traffic across multiple routes, then traffic spreading is achieved, but control over packet transmission timing is lost

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvetraffic spreading efficiencyVSAvoidpacket transmission control
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSEase of operation

Solution Approach 1:

The patent combines load balancing port selection with congestion-controlled transmission timing in a single unified decision process. The network adapter selects output ports based on both local load and E2E congestion, then determines transmission timing based on the same congestion rate information. This integration maintains transmission control while achieving effective traffic spreading.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

3Productivity

If traffic is concentrated on fewer paths, then simpler routing is achieved, but network congestion increases and utilization decreases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvenetwork utilizationVSAvoidrouting decision mechanism
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies local quality by making routing decisions specific to each packet based on current congestion conditions. The network adapter evaluates E2E congestion rates and local port states for each packet, then selects the most appropriate output port individually. This per-packet adaptive approach optimizes network utilization while keeping the routing mechanism manageable through localized decision-making.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Data Source

PatentEP4468676B1Combined congestion control and load balancing
Publication Date: 2026.01.14 MELLANOX TECHNOLOGIES LTD(IL)
  • EP4468676B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP4468676B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP4468676B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

Technologies for optimizing the spreading of traffic across multiple local output ports while considering both local load and end-to-end (E2E) load are described. One device has multiple outgoing ports and a network adapter that determines, for a first flow of packets, a first end-to-end (E2E) congestion rate of at least some of the outgoing ports. The network adapter determines a port state of at least some of the outgoing ports. The network adapter receives a first packet associated with the first flow of packets. The network adapter determines, using a first desired rate for the first flow, the first E2E congestion rates, and the port states, i) a first time at which the first packet is to be transmitted and ii) a first outgoing port on which the first packet is to be transmitted. The first packet is sent on the first outgoing port at the first time.