Network Latency Measurement via Hardware Timestamping

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current mechanisms for determining network metrics like latency and round trip time (RTT) are imprecise and costly, particularly in high-speed networks, due to difficulties in synchronizing clocks between devices and relying on complex methods or layer 3 mechanisms that lack precision.

Innovation Solution

The technique involves inserting multiple timestamps into metric measurement messages using a hardware clock at both ingress and egress ports of network devices, allowing for precise RTT estimation and layer 2 hop-by-hop latency measurements, which are more accurate and cost-effective by utilizing processor and hardware clocks for clock cycle measurements.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If multiple timestamps are inserted into metric measurement messages using hardware clocks, then measurement precision is improved, but device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvelatency measurement precisionVSAvoidtimestamp mechanism complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces software-based timing mechanisms with hardware clock circuits that directly generate timestamps. This substitution of mechanical/hardware systems for software-based solutions provides precise time measurement without requiring complex software synchronization protocols, thereby improving measurement precision while controlling device complexity through hardware integration.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Solution Approach 2:

The network device performs timestamping automatically using its own internal hardware clocks without requiring external time synchronization from other devices. Each device independently generates timestamps based on its local hardware clock, eliminating the need for complex inter-device clock synchronization mechanisms while maintaining high measurement precision.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

2Measurement precision

If hardware clocks are used for timestamp generation, then measurement precision is improved, but cost increases

Engineering Contradiction:
ImproveRTT measurement precisionVSAvoidmanufacturing cost
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

The patent employs inexpensive hardware clock circuits that are integrated directly into the network device's existing infrastructure. These hardware clocks are simple, cost-effective components that provide sufficient precision for measurement purposes without requiring expensive external time synchronization equipment or specialized hardware, thereby achieving high measurement precision at low manufacturing cost.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #27Cheap short-living objects (Disposable)

3Productivity

If layer 2 mechanisms are used for metric measurement, then productivity is improved, but measurement precision worsens due to lack of clock synchronization

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemeasurement speedVSAvoidlatency measurement accuracy
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSMeasurement precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces the need for complex clock synchronization mechanisms by using hardware clocks that generate timestamps independently at each network device. This hardware-based approach allows layer 2 metric measurement to achieve high precision without requiring inter-device synchronization, thereby maintaining high productivity while improving measurement precision through hardware timestamp generation.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Data Source

PatentEP2044514B8Methods and apparatus for improved determination of network metrics
Publication Date: 2013.05.29 CISCO TECHNOLOGY INC

AI summary

A metric measurement mechanism is used to determine network characteristics such as latency and round trip time with more precision than that available from layer three metric measurement mechanisms. The metric measurement mechanism can use the same architecture used by layer three metric measurement mechanisms while more accurately measuring network latency and isolating network device processing delays.