Networked HVAC system having local and networked control
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current HVAC systems in multi-unit dwellings operate in an open-loop configuration, leading to energy inefficiency, unstable temperatures, excessive drafts, and reduced comfort due to uncoordinated operation of various components.
Innovation Solution
A networked HVAC system with localized controllers connected via wireless or wired connections, sharing control data and optimizing temperature, air flow, humidity, and occupancy data across zones and common areas to manage energy usage and ventilation effectively.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Adaptability or versatility
If HVAC components are separately positioned inside and outside each unit in multi-unit dwellings, then installation flexibility is improved, but system coordination deteriorates leading to energy inefficiency and unstable temperatures
Solution Approach 1:
The system is divided into multiple independent HVAC units, each serving a specific zone or unit within the multi-unit dwelling. Each unit has its own controller that can independently manage local conditions while participating in networked coordination, allowing flexible installation in different locations without compromising overall system performance
Solution Approach 2:
Each HVAC unit controller continuously monitors local conditions (temperature, humidity, occupancy) and communicates with other units through the network. This feedback mechanism enables coordinated operation where units can adjust their operation based on conditions in adjacent zones, preventing issues like excessive drafts and unstable temperatures while maintaining installation flexibility
2Device complexity
If HVAC units operate independently in open-loop configuration, then device complexity is reduced, but energy efficiency deteriorates due to uncoordinated operation
Solution Approach 1:
The HVAC unit controller serves multiple functions: it acts as a local thermostat, communicates with the network, receives and sends control data, and coordinates with other units. This multi-functionality allows the system to achieve coordinated energy-efficient operation without adding separate dedicated devices, maintaining relatively simple device complexity while improving energy efficiency
Solution Approach 2:
The networked feedback system allows HVAC units to share operational data and coordinate their operation. Units can adjust their runtime, capacity, and operation schedules based on real-time conditions in adjacent zones, leading to optimized energy usage while maintaining manageable system complexity through standardized communication protocols
3Productivity
If ventilation fan operates without coordination with HVAC unit, then ventilation effectiveness is improved, but temperature stability deteriorates due to negative pressure effects
Solution Approach 1:
The HVAC unit controller receives feedback from the ventilation fan status and adjusts its operation accordingly. When the ventilation fan operates, the controller compensates for the resulting negative pressure by adjusting HVAC runtime or capacity, maintaining temperature stability while allowing effective ventilation operation
Solution Approach 2:
The system can predict when ventilation operations will occur and pre-adjust HVAC settings to compensate for anticipated pressure changes. This preliminary action prevents temperature instability before it occurs, maintaining both ventilation effectiveness and temperature stability
Data Source
AI summary
A networked HVAC system is implemented as part of a multi-unit dwelling. At least one HVAC unit is installed within each unit of the multi-unit dwelling. Each individual HVAC unit includes a localized HVAC unit controller, which is connected to an external network. The HVAC unit controller also can be connected to any other controllable HVAC devices in the unit, such as an exhaust fan. The HVAC system addresses the open-loop issue by monitoring temperature, air flow, humidity, air pressure, occupancy, window open/close state, and HVAC units of all units in a multi-unit dwelling, as well as common areas, and optimizing operating parameters to minimize wide swings in operational states and managing the overall system of multiple units/common areas so that energy usage and temperature/ventilation control is optimized. The HVAC system also enables learning and predictive modeling for adapting to real-time and anticipated condition requirements within each zone.